UC-NRLF 


257    am 

AKY    SCHOOL 


SPELLING-BOOK 


BIMA1U    •    •  SJ     • 


BY  WILLIAM  D.  SWAN 


WPEKTIIM  CO 

:,  • 

. 

. 

. 
. 

oxin?ton.C.  S.  ;. 
;n  :-BuSalo,T.  &M.  Butler. 


p 


EXCHANGE 


PREFACE. 


THIS  little  work  has  been 

teachers  of  Primary  and  Intermediate  Schools  with 
a  systematic  series  of  exercises  in  English  orthog- 
raphy.   It  is  arranged  upon  the  plan  of  the  author's 
larger  Spelling-Book,   and  the   following  extract  J 
from  the  preface  of  that  work  is  here  inserted  :  — 
"  Experience  has  convinced  the  author  that  the 
old  method  of  requiring  children  to  study  words  in 
columns,  arranged  according  to  their  accent  and 
number  of  syllables,  and  to  spell  them  orally,  with- 
out reducing  the  exercise  to  practice  by  writing  the 
words,  is  a  useless  task,  and  will  never  accomplish 
its  design.     Children  may  be  able  to  spell  words 
correctly  when  pronounced  by  the  teacher  ;  but, 
J  without  frequent  practice  in  writing,  they  will  mis- 
\  spell  them  in  composition.     The  recent  reports  of 
\  school  committees,  upon  this  subject,  bear  testimony 
^  to  the  truth  of  this  conclusion. 

"  There  are  great  and  paramount  difficulties  in 
learning  to  spell  correctly  the  English  language. 
These  difficulties  arise  principally  from  the  anom- 
alous  and  peculiar  structure  of  the  language  — 


from  the  variety  of  sounds  given  to  the  several 
vowels  —  from  silent  consonants  ia  certain  classes  ; 
of  words  —  and  from  the  similarity  of  sounds  in  ; 
syllables  formed  by  different  combinations  of  let- 
ters.    To  obviate  these  difficulties  —  to  classify  and 
arrange  them  tinder  distinct  heads,  that  they  may 
be  mire  xeadily  and  easily  learned  and  remem- 
beredBpn^p  been  the  principal  design  of  the  author,  v 

"  Easy  words,  illustrating  the  simple  sounds  of 

vowels  and  consonants ;  words  containing  one  or 

more  silent  consonants ;  words  pronounced  alike, 

\l  but  differing  in  orthography  and  signification, — 

>  have  been  arranged  into  distinct  classes.    But  the 

ji  great  and  distinguishing  feature  of  the  work  is  the 

}[  arrangement  of  Exercises  for  Writing,  in  connec- 


tion  with  the  several  classes.  It  has  often  been 
urged,  and  with  good  reason,  against  the  spelling- 
books  in  common  use,  that  children  are  required 
to  learn  to  spell  words,  of  the  meaning  and  use 
of  which  they  have  no  idea.  These  Exercises  for 
Writing  provide  a  remedy  for  this  defect.  Most  of 
the  words  in  the  qolumns  occur  in  the  sentences, 
and  the  learner  is  thus  shown  their  meaning  and 
application." 

The  words  in  sentences  may  be  used  for  lessons 
to  be  spelled  orally  by  small  children  who  have  not 
learned  to  Write. 

Boston,  May,  1850. 


THE 

PRIMARY  SCHOOL 
SPELLING-BOOK. 

*  t 

ORTHOGRAPHY. 

Orthography  treats  of  letters,  syllables, 
words,  and  spelling. 

A  letter  is  a  character  used  in  printing, 
or  writing,  to  represent  the  sound  of  the 
human  voice  in  speaking. 

The  English  alphabet  consists  of 
twenty-six  letters. 

There  are/cmr  kinds  of  letters ;  name-  ; 
ly,  Roman,  Italic,  Old  English,  and  \ 
Script. 

The  letters  have  severally  two  forms,  : 
by  which  they  are  distinguished ;  namely,  ; 
capitals  and  small  letters. 

Capitals  are  used  for  the  sake  of  em-  j 
inence    and   distinction.      Small   letters  ; 
constitute  the  body  of  every  work.  —  j 
See  Rules  and  Exercises  for  the  Use  of  j 
5  Capitals,  page  97. 


1* 


THE  ALPHABET. 


ROHAN  LETTEBS. 

[        Capitals.     Small  Letters. 

Capitals. 

Small  Letters.  • 

Jt  * 

a 

N 

n 

B 

b 

0 

o 

C 

c 

P 

P 

D 

d 

a 

q 

E 

e 

R 

r 

F 

f 

s 

s 

G 

g 

T 

t 

H 

h 

U 

11 

I 

• 

i 

V 

V 

J 

• 

J 

W 

w 

K 

k 

X 

X 

L 

1 

Y 

y 

,      M 

m 

Z 

z 

12345678 

9  10 

I 

fs*fSf+srss+ssrss*ss+, 

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t 

\ 

THE  ALPHABET. 

! 

ITALIC  LETTERS. 

1 

!          Capitals.    Small  Letters.           Capitals.  Small  Letters.  • 

A 

a 

N  • 

w 

B 

b 

0 

o 

C 

c 

p 

P     1 

D 

d 

Q 

E 

e 

12 

r 

F 

/ 

$ 

8 

G 

g 

r 

| 

H 

h 

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M 

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K 

k 

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L 

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fy+++f++*+*+ffS 

4  56  7  8 

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9  10 

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2_ 


10  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

A*  triphthong  is  three  vowels  joined  in 
one  syllable  ;  as,  eau  in  beau. 

A  proper  triphthong  is  one  in  which 
all  ,the  vowels  are  sounded ;  as,  uoy  in 
buoy 

An  improper  triphthong  is  one  in  which 
only  one  or  two  of  the  vowels  are 
sounded ;  as,  eau  in  beauty. 


EXERCISES    ON    THE    CLASSES    OF    LETTERS. 

Show  the  vowels  in  the  words  hat,  dog, 
hen,  ox,  pig,  cat,  sun,  man,  hand,  sell, 
|  give,  time. 

Show  the  consonants  in  spell,  grass, 
,Jire,  hemp,  flax,  corn,  old,  drive,  give. 

Show  the  diphthongs  in  head,  said, 
|  guess,  flood,  been,  friend,  young,  blood, 
;  brood. 

\  Mention  regularly  the  vowels,  diph- 
\  thongs,  and  consonants  in  the  following 
\  words  :  know,  have,  blood,  drown,  bound, 
$  warm,  sail,  touch,  smell,  hear,  see,  hate, 
$  road,  breath,  health.  ;| 

WOKDS   AND   SYLLABLES. 

A  word  consists  of  one  or  more  syl- 


SPELLING-BOOK.  11 

\  lables,  and  is  used  either  alone  or  in 
v  conjunction  with  other  words,  as  the  sign 
$  of  some  idea. 

\  A  primitive  word  is  one  that  is  not  ^ 
\  formed  from  any  simpler  word  in  the  > 
*  language  ;  as,  harm,  great. 

>  A  derivative  word  is  one  that  is  formed  \ 
\  from  some  simpler  word  in  the  language  ; 

t  as,  harmless,  greatly. 

$      A  simple  word  is  one  that  is  not  com- 

>  pounded  ;  as,  book,  man.  \ 
J      A  compound  word  is  one  that  is  com-  < 
$  posed  of  two  or  more  simple  words  ;  as,  $ 
\  bookseller,  watchman. 

\  Permanent  compounds  are  sometimes  united  into  \ 
^  one  ;  as,  bookseller  :  others  are  formed  by  the  hyphen  ;  \ 
\  as,  glass-house. 

A  syllable  is  one  or  more  letters  pro-  $ 
\  nounced  in  one  sound,  and  is  either  a  \ 
J  word  or  a  part  of  a  word.  There  are  as  \ 
J  many  syllables  in  every  word  as  there  are  J 
j  distinct  sounds  ;  as,  gram-ma-ri-an. 


A  word  of  one  syllable  is  called  a  mon- 
osyllable  ;  a  word  of  two  syllables,  a  dis- 


,  \ 

\  syllable  ;  a  word  of  three  syllables,  a  \ 
J  trisyllable,  'and  a  word  of  more  than  three  J 
>  syllables,  a  polysyllable./ 

•^x^^^xx^^xxxxxxxxx^xxx^xxxxxxx^xxxxxxxxxx^xxxx^ 


'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXS^XXX 

12  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOI* 


SOUNDS  OF  THE  VOWELS. 

A  has  five  sounds  ;  as  in  hate,  hat,  bar 
I  and  ball. 

E  has  three  sounds ;  as  in  we,  met,  : 
and  her.  \ ! 

/  has  three  sounds ;  as  in  mind,  thin,  < ; 
and  birth. 

O  has  five   sounds ;   as  in  note,  not,  ; 
;  born,  come,  and  tomb. 

U  has  four  sounds  ;  as  in  use,  us,  full, 
:  and  rude. 

SOUNDS  OF  THE  CONSONANTS. 

B  has  always  the  same  sound  ;  as  in  | 
bad,  crab,  and  sabre. 

C  is  hard  before  a,  o,  and  u ;  as  in  ; ' 
came,  cold,  and  cut :  and  soft  before  e,  t,  \ 
and  y ;  as  in  cell,  cite,  and  cymbal. 

D  has  always  the  same  sound ;  as  in  i 
dim,  bad,  and  rider.  \ 

F  has  always  the  same  sound ;  as  in  < 
fat,  if,  and  swift.* 

G  has  two  sounds :  hard,  before  a,  o,  } 
and  u ;  as  in  game,  got,  and  gun :  and  j 

*  Except  in  the  word  of. 


;  soft,  before  e,  i,  and  y ;  as  in  gem,  giant,*  ] 
and  gymnastic. 

If  is  aspirated;  as  in  herd,  heel,  and  \ 
hit :  or  unaspirated ;  as  in  heir,  herb,  and  i 


J  has  the  sound  of  g  soft ;  as  in  jest.   \ 

K  and  L  have  always  the  same  sound ;  j 
as  in  kick,  lately. 

M  is  invariable  ;  as  in  mud  and  muss.  ] 

N  and  P  never  change ;  as  in  not,  pen.  \ 

Q  is  always  followed   by  u,  and  is  : 
sounded  as  in  quake. 

R  is  rough ;  as  in  rob  :  and  smooth ; 
as  in  hair  and  more. 

S  has  two  sounds :  hard,  as  in  those ; 
soft,  as  in  this. 

T  and  V  never  change  ;  as  in  tin  and 
;  it ;  vain  and  verb. 

W,  when  a  consonant,  never  changes, 
but  is  sounded  as  in  win  and  won. 

X  has  three  sounds ;  as  in  Xenophon, 
fix,  and  exist. 

Y,  when  a  consonant,  is  invariable ; 
as  in  you  and  yes:  when  a  vowel,  is 
\  sounded  as  in  day,  key,  and  boy. 

Z  has  but  one  sound  ;  as  in  zeal. 

*  With  some  exceptions ;  as  in  giddy,  girl,  and  a 
few  others,  which  have  g  hard. 


$    14                      THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL                              ^ 
\                                                                                                              \ 

\ 

SPELLING  LESSONS. 

'be        go       by 
he        lo        fy 

/         /  \ 

ve         ao        vto     \ 

S            ir      \ 

*•     &     fo  \ 

\   me      no       my 

me       no        wiy>  \ 
/    * 

we       so        shy 

W6           4O             drtM  J 
f    \ 

*r- 

ye        wo       thy 

we        wo       tnu  \ 

V                                                        w          \ 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

£    So  we  go. 
\   Lo  !  I  go  by. 

Q? 

*s0    we    ao. 

<y  f    v      /   \ 

&L>O  /       *JF      GO     VM*    i 

\   Ye  go  by  me. 

&/                 fl 

Me    go  .6y>   me.      < 

V         <7             ff 

<   Be  ye  so. 

No,  ye  go. 

I/TO,    ue    ao. 

i/       9 

NOTE  TO  TEACHERS.  —  The  learner  should  be  re-  \ 
quired  to  spell  the  words  in  columns  orally.     The  \ 
exercises  for  writing  should  be  copied  by  the  learner ;  \ 
but  at  recitation,  the  sentences  should  be  read  aloud  > 
by  the  teacher,  and  the  learner  should  be  required  to  \ 
write  them  again.    As  the  learner  progresses,  the  seq- 
tence  may  be  read  by  the  teacher,  and  only  the  words 
to  which  particular  attention  is  called,  may  be  written. 
Sentences  not  in  the  book  should  also  be  dictated  by 
the  teacher.    The  punils  may  then  exchange  slates, 
and  review  each  other's  work. 


SPELLING-BOOK.                              15  ! 

i|   am       in        or 

am        in        ov,    \ 

i|   an        is        ox 

an         id         ox     \ 

as         it        up 

ad          it         ufo 

at         of       us 

at          of        ud     \ 

V 

j:   if         on 

ii          on          \     • 

/                               \ 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

i|  Lo  !  I  am  he. 
\  It  is  an  ox. 
I  If  it  be  my  ox,  go  on. 
:  If  he  be  in,  I  go. 

££>    /       <Z            / 

**LsO  /    c/  am  fie. 
<jrt  id  an  ox. 

'       V                             v                V 
(£fl    0         0         •                 (£ 

i-Jr  n&  v&  wtj  *Jr   yo»  ' 

;  I  am  as  he  is. 

*jr  am  ad  TIC  td. 

\  I  am  on  an  ox. 

<s  am  on  an  o&.        \ 

:  It  is  as  it  is. 

*st  id  ad  it  id.             > 

;  It  is  on  my  ox. 
:  If  it  be  he,  go  in. 

*st  id  on  mu  o&. 

^//  it  ve  ne,  ao  vn.    ;: 

ff                                            V 

;  Do  ye  as  I  do. 
|  Am  I  to  go  in  ? 
|  Is  he  to  do  it? 

0 

i/v>m  *s  to  ao  in  £ 

0 

*Sd*  netodoit? 

!  He  is  to  go  in. 

&ve  id  to  ao  in. 

^XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 


>   16                     THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL                               3 

fane 

fan 

kine 

\ 

kin    ; 

•    fate 

fat 

pine 

pin    j 

•   hate 

hat 

ride 

rid 

:   made 

mad 

site 

sit    i 

\  mane 
mate 

man 
mat 

wine 
hope 

win 
hop 

pane 

pan 

mope 

mop 

rate 

rat 

note 

not 

tape 

tap 

robe 

rob 

bite 

bit 

rode 

rod    :\ 

EXERCISES   FOR  WRITING. 

]: 

I  hate  a  hat  made  of  fur. 

He 

made  the  man  mad. 

1  1 

The  rat  ran  at  a  fine  rate. 

His 

mate  sat  on  a  mat. 

;! 

This  pin  is  not  made  of  pine. 

Sit  on  the  site  of  the  hive. 

if, 

get  rid  of  it,  I  go  to  ride. 

jj 

Do 

not  rob  me  of  my  robe. 

!; 

SPELLING-BOOK. 


a 

date  tat 


9nade 
mane 
mate 
fame 


tat 

mad 

man 

mat 

fian 

tat 


mofie 
note 

torfe 
tode 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


tide 
tite 


a    not  made   o/  tut. 
made   tne   man   mad. 
tat  tan   at  a  fine   tatb. 
mate   tat  on   a   mat. 
fein    i&    not  made 

'te    o/  tne    nive. 

7 

itj    <J  00    & 


on 


ne 


not 

w 

tod 


tide. 


not  tov    me    of  mat    tove. 

V  / 


>   18                      THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL                              i 
<                                                           .     .                    .                           1 

!      AY     and     EY. 

ACE     and     ASE, 

;:'plo*/         grey 

race           case 

?   stray         they 

trace          vase 

\   sway        whey 

space         chase 

•      AID    and     ADE. 

AIL     and     ALE. 

aid           fade 

ail             dale 

:   braid        blade 

fail            gale 

;   laid          cade 

snail          vale    \ 

I   paiJ          ladfe 

pail           bale    ; 

'   staid         shade 

hail            pale    ] 

mawZ        glade 

frail           stale 

AIM    and     AME. 

AIN,  ANE,  and  EIN.       | 

\   aim           name 

draw   carae    rein    \\ 

\  claim        frame 

fain      bane    vein    ;| 

:   maim        fame 

gram   plane  skeiw  ;: 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

They  play*     Horses  race.      Flowers 

fade.     A  blade  of  grass.     The  money 

was  paid.     Life  is  frail.     The  beautiful  | 

vale.     A  bale  of  goods.     A  gold  cham.  ; 

The  rein  of  a  bridle.    A  skem  of  silk.  ;! 

The  mane  of  a  horse.     Fair  fame.    A  ;| 

good  name.     The  same  claim.     A  sane  ;| 

man.     The  frame  of  a  house. 

^^^^^x^xxx^x^xxxx^^wx^vx^^x^xx^x^xx^ 

(>  X<XX  ^X^^^^^^^^^^^^^^X^^^^^^^^^^WV^^V* 

SPELLING-BOOK. 

19 

1 

\         AIR,  ARE,  EAR,  and  EIR. 

AIT,  EAT,  and  ATE.     ; 

<   air 

rare 

wear 

gai* 

date 

fair 

dare 

tear 

traitf 

rate 

• 

lair 

ware 

bear 

waii 

prate 

, 

pair 

stare 

pear 

baii 

skate 

, 

stair 

.care 



straii 

state 

[   hair 

spare 

their 

slate 

: 

[   chair 

snare 

heir 

greai 

late 

i 

praise 
chaise 


AISE,  AZE,  and  AIZE. 
blaze 
gaze 


maize 
baize 


ALL  and  AWL. 
pall         yawl 
wall        drawl 
small       shawl 
loll         scrawl 
sprawl 


ARCE  and  ARSE. 
farce          parse 


EAK     and     AKE, 
breafc        spafce 
stea&         drake 


EXERCISES    TOR    WRITING. 

A  fair  lock.  Red  hazr.  A  rare  chance. 
N  Glass  ware.  Read  with  care.  A  pair 
|  of  skates.  A  strazY  gate.  I  will  praise 
<  him.  He  rode  in  a  chazse.  A  brick 
I  wall.  A  red  shawl.  A  beef-steafc. 

V^x 


X20 

THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

xxxxxxx^xxA 

EA  and 

EE. 

EA  and 

EE.                 $ 

tea 

fee 

pea 

flee 

plea 

glee 

sea 

lee 

EAD  and 

EED. 

EAR  and 

\ 

EEE. 

read 

steed 

beafc 

meefc     \ 

bead 

deed 

bleafc 

leefc 

plead 

feed 

weak 

seek      \ 

I   mead 

speed 

freak 

cheek    $ 

:   lead 

bleed 

speak 

creek     j 

knead 

weed 

streak 

peefc      ^ 

:       EAL  and 

EEL.                         EAM,   EEM, 

and  EME,    \ 

:   hea/ 

eel 

ream 

deem     1 

;   meal 

keel 

cream 

seem 

\   peal 

peel 

dream 

teem 

[   seal 

reel 

gleam 



^   veal 

kneel 

steam 

scheme  \ 

zeal 

steel 

stream 

theme 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

A  cup  of  tea.  The  blue  sea.  A  good 
plea.  The  keeZ  of  a  ship.  A  peal  of 
thunder.  The  peel  of  an  orange.  The 
seal  of  a  letter.  A  steel  chain.  A  ream 
of  paper.  A  stream  of  water. 


SPELLING-BOOK.                              21    ; 

EAD  and  ED. 

;  ;   head         fed 
;    stead         wed 

EAD  and  ED. 

dread        fled 
spread      sled 

1                                                                     i 
IE,  IGH,  YE,  and  T. 

die            nigh              eye            try 
];   pie            sigh               rye            sly 
tie             thigh             lye             sky 

OE  and  ow. 
doe             bloi0 
\   foe             glow 
hoe           slow 
[   roe            snow 

OAD  and  ODE. 
load           code 
road           bode 
toad          mode 
goad          strode 

;      OAL  and  OLE. 
;   coa/           sole 
foal           stole 

EXERCISES    F 

The  horse  fled. 
\  The  boy  will  die. 
\  A  field  of  rye.     Blu 
if  I  see  the  foe.     A  loa 
I  of  laws.      A  load 
£  stole  the  roll.    A  bo 

OLL  and  OWL. 
roll            howl     ; 
droff                     ; 

OR   WRITING. 

The  hay  is  spread. 
The  hour  is  nigh* 
e  sky.     See  it  snow, 
d  of  wood.     A  code 
of  coal.     The  cat 
wl  of  milk. 

**xxx*«v»xx,xxxxx-.>xxysx^»«*xx^<^ 

\  22 

THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

EAN  and 

EEN. 

EAP  and  EEP. 

\   bean 

seen 

heap          deep     \ 

>   mean 

green 

leap           keep     \ 

$   lean 

queen 

neap           peep     ] 

\    clean 

sheen 

reap           weep    \ 

I   gleam 

screen 

cheap         creep    \ 

wean 

spleen 

sheep    \ 

\        EAR  and 

EER. 

EAT  and  EET. 

dear 

beer 

feat            beet 

fear 

peer 

heat           meet 

near 

veer 

neat           street 

rear 

queer 

peat           fieet 

sear 

sheer 

bleat          sheet    \ 

tear 

sneer 

cheat         sweet  \ 

year 

steer 

treat          sleet     $ 

clear 

cheer 

wheat        greet    $ 

EASE,   FEZE,   and   IEZE.                                 \ 

please 

sneeze           frieze 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

I   have 

seen  a  bean.     A  green  tree.  ^ 

A  black  sh 

eep.     I  fear  the  steer  will  run  > 

\  with  the  wheat.  I  will  meet  him.  He 
J  will  not  cheat.  Walk  in  the  street. 
\  Rear  him  sneeze.  Try  to  please. 


SPELLING-BOOK.                              23  ; 

OAM  and  OME.              OAN,  ONE,  and  OWN. 
foam     dome         moan    bone      floivn  i 
I  loam      home         roan      prone    sown    \ 

;  OAR,  ORE,  OOR,  and  OUR. 
;   hoar     gor€       door 
\  roar      snore      floor 

OAT  and  OTE. 

boat      note     ; 
coat       vote      ; 

bloat      smote  \ 

;   soar      store      flour 

OSE,  OZE,  and  ows. 
[   rose      doze       blows 
prose    froze      grows 

OME  and  UM. 
come      hum 
some      drum 

UE,    EW,   IEU,   a 

blue         few           li< 
g\ue         crew 
true         brew 
1      sue          heiv          pi 

nd  IEW. 

m             view 

UME  and  EUM. 

ume        rheum 

UCE,  USE,  EUCE,  uicE,  and  .OOSE. 
{      truce      use      deuce     juice      loose 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

k               Cl                A  1              f                           /""*            1.                               A                             . 

$      See    the  foam.     Go   home.     A  roan  $ 
\  horse.     A   large   boTie.      The   bird   has  ^ 
\  flown.     The  winds  roar.     The  door  of  \ 
\  the  store.     A  bank  note.     A  black  coat.  % 
The  rose  bush  grows.     He  had  a  view  of  \ 
the  crew.     It  is  trae.     A  flag  of  truce.     § 


;!  24  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL  V 

j|j;  EUD,  UDE,  and  EWD. 

feud  rude  lewd 

* 


UIT  and  UTE. 
suit  lute 

>   fruit          bmte 


UR  and  IR. 
fur        stir 
slur .     sir 


URB  and  EHB. 
curb      verb 


IRD,   EARD,   and    ORD. 

gird      heard      word 


URGE,  ERGE,  IRGE,  and  OURGE. 

purge       merge         dirge         scourge   \ 
surge        verge  I 

URK,   IRK,    ERE,    and    ORE. 

lurk          dirk  jerk          work 

Turk        kirk  clerk 


URL,   EARL,   and   IRL.  i 

curl  earl  girl 

furl  pearl  twirl 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING.  > 

A  rude  child.     He  is  a  hrute.     Sweet  4 
:  fruit.     A  for  cap.      Do  not  stir.     He  j 
;  heard  the  word.     The  dirge  was  sung.  > 
He  stood  on  the  verge  of  the  rock.     A  i 
steel  dirk.     Yuri  the  flag.     A  good  girl.  \ 
A  white  pearl.  < 


Axxxxxxxxxxxxx, 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


25 


ERM,  IBM,  and  OEM. 
germ  firm  worm 

URN,   ERN,   and   EARN. 

burn  fern  learn 

turn  stern  yearn 

TTRST,  IRST,  and   ORST. 

burst  first  worst 

durst  thirst 


T7RT,  ERT,  and  IRT. 

hurt  dirt 

pert  shirt 


OUR  and  OW'ER.* 
sour  ipow'er 
hour  dow  er 
scour  cou)  er 


EARTH,  IRTH,  and   ORTH. 

earth  birth  worth 

EXERCISES   FOB   WRITING. 

See  that  worm.  The  stake  is  firm. 
It  will  not  turn.  You  can  learn.  Do 
not  burn  the  fern.  The  first  shell  is 
bwrsJ.  It  is  the  worst.  Do  not  hurt  the 
dog.  He  will  play  in  the  dirt.  This 
hour  I  will  try  my  power.  The  e#r£/fc 
is  round.  It  is  worth  a  dollar. 

*  The  accent  of  a  syllable  is  a  stress  of  the  voice  in 
pronouncing  it.    It  is  marked  thus  ('.) 


$   26                        THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

I             AY  and  EY. 
J  de  lay1       o  bey7 
V'de  fray       sur  vey 

ACE  and  ASE. 
de  face7       e  rase7 
un  lace       de  base   $ 

^            AID  and  ADE. 

j  a  fraid'       ti  rade' 
\  up  brai£?    bro  cade 

\ 

AIL  and  ALE.            ^ 

as  sai/7        re  ga/e7   ^ 

de  tail        in  hale    % 
\ 

I           AIM  and  AME. 
|  ac  claim7    be  came7 
|  de  claim    in  flame 
i|  dis  claim    de  fame 

\ 

AIN  and  ANE.           J 

com  plain7  pro  fawe7  ^ 
do  main     hu  mane  \ 
ex  plain     in  sane 

AIR  and  ARE. 
£  af  fair7        de  clare7 
\  re  pair       be  ware 
im  pair      pre  pare 

AIT  and  ATE. 
a  waitf7       de  bate7  ^ 
re  late     I 
va  cate 

AZE,   AYS,   AISE,   and   EYS. 

a  maze7     de  lays7     dis  praise7  con  veysf 

em  blaze   dis  plays   ap  praise    sur  veys 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


I  will  o6ey.     He  will  defray  the 
pense.     Do   not   deface   it.     Erase 


ex- 
the 

mark.     I  am  afraid.     He  will  assai/  him. 

Boys  declaim.    I  will  not  complain.    He 

will  repair  the  desk.     Await  the  result, 

He  surveys  the  scene. 

V»^<^XXXXXX^X^"fo 


* 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


27 


*  EDE  and  EED. 

im  pede7    sue  ceed' 
se  cede      in  deed 


EME  and  EEM. 
ex  treme7  es 
su  preme  re  deem 


ENE,   EAN,   EEN,   and   INK. 


con  vene' 
ob  scene 
se  rene 
ter  rene 


sin  cere' 
ad  here 
aus  tere 


ma  chine7  \ 


de  mean7    un  see/?/ 

un  clean     be  twee/i  ra  vine 

ca  reen  ton  tine 

nan  keew  rou  tine 


ERE,   EAR, 

en  dear7 
ap  pear 
ar  rear 


EER,  and  IER. 


ca  reer7  cash  ter7 
com  peer  fron  tier 
ve  neer 


ETE,   EAT,   EET,   EIT,   and   EIPT. 


con  cre/e7  de 

com  plete  re 

re  plete  en  treai 

se  crete  re  treatf 


dis  creetf7  con  ceit1 
de  ceit 


re  ceipt 


EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

They  accede  to  the  demand.  He  suc- 
ceeds well  in  business.  The  men  redeem 
their  pledges.  The  Supreme  Ruler  of 
*  the  universe.  The  unseen  power.  The  i 
>  air  is  serene.  His  career  was  short.  An  | 
}  austere  man.  A  sincere  Christian.  The  > 
^  edifice  is  complete.  The  retread  was  | 
^  disastrous.  A  strange  conceit  A  receipt.  \ 


»  28  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

AL,  EL,  and  LE. 

dVal  du'e/  st 

vi  al  cru  el  ap  pie 

re  al  lev  el  sad  d/e 

o  val  reb  e/  treb  /e 

tri  al  gru  e/  mar  ble 

fa  ta/  fu  e/  set  tie 

natal  .iew  e/  cattle 

to  ta/  grav  el  a  ble 

re  gal  ves  se/  era  die 

lo  ca/  par  eel  bi  b/e 

fo  ca/  bush  el  hum  b/e^ 

pe  na/  shov  e/  turn  b/e 

co  pal  mar  ve/  crum  ble 

plu  ra/  bev  e/  era  die 

vas  sa/  gos  pel  la  d/e 

ves  ta/  ken  nel  can  d/e 

den  ta/  la  be/  baf  f/e 

bri  do/  pan  e/  spin  die 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

The  dial  of  a  clock.     They  fought  a  ; 
duel.     He  found  an  apple.     A  glass  vial. 
The  crue/  man  fell  from  the  saddle.     A 
marb/e  statue.     The   pane/  of  a  door.  ! 
The  fata/  act.     An  bumble  man.     The 
vesse/  has  sailed.    Rocks  crumble.   Light  |T 
the  cand/e.     Bring  the  parcel. 


xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx<& 


SPELLING-BOOK.                              29   } 

ENCE  and  ENSE. 
com  mence7  im  mense 
de  fence       in  cense 
*  pre  tence      pre  pense 
;  ;  of  fence       sus  pense 
;;  science        expense 

ENCE  and  ENSE. 

'  ca7dence  dis  pense7  1 
flor  ence  sub  tense  ] 
es  sence    con  dense  ] 
pres  ence  pro  pense  ] 
ab  sence  in  tense 

ATE,  ET,   and   ETTE. 

pa!7ate           re  grei7           bru  nettef 
\  ;      leg  ate            mag'netf          co  quetfte 
sen  ate           plan  et            pal'ette 
prel  ate          sig  net            ga  zette' 

ISE  and  IZE. 
de  vise7       as  size/ 

ISE  and  IZE. 
re  vise7     ap  prize* 

ICE  and  is. 
maWce       baxsis 
lat  tice       gra  tis 
1   no  tice        glot  tis 
[   sur  plice     ax  is 

EXERCISES    F( 

I      He  will  commence 
I  expense.     He   was  i 
fc  time.     I  regret  that 
[  gazette.       The    Sem 
[  States  will  devise  a  p 
I  the  estate.     He  was 

ICE  and  is. 
cor7nice    gla7czs 
of  fice       trel  lis 
bod  ice     cri  sis       j 
ser  vice     the  sis      ^ 

)R    WRITING.                            ^ 

the  defence  at  any  \ 
n   suspense  a  long  \ 
it  appeared  in  the 
ite   of    the   United 
Ian.     I  will  apprize 
in  office. 

3» 


*   30                      THE    PRIMARY   SCHOOL 

IN  INE,  and  AIN. 
;    dol'phi/j           Tap'ine             fountain 
\   bod  kin           des  tine           moun  tain 
:   nap  kin           pris  tine           chief  tain 
ur  chin           jas  mine           cap  tarn 
{   spav  in            doc  trme          vil  km 
|   dau  phm         fam  me            chap  lain 
|   ver  mm           en  gme            mur  ram 
:    vir  gm             san  guzV^         cur  tain 
;    mar  gm           er  mine       .      cer  tarn 

o  and  ow. 
cai^go       sor'row 
he  TO        pil  low 
ne  gro      win  dow 
t    bra  vo      ar  TOW 
tri  o          shad  ow 

,    o  and  ow.                I 
SOX10           foWoK? 
mot  to      bel  low      \ 
grot  to      mar  TOW    J 
can  to      far  row      j 
ze  ro        spar  TOW   ; 

ODE  and  OAD. 
^    ex  plode'  un  loa^7 

EXERCISES    F 

[      He  was  certain  1 
[  there.     The  captain 

S  anrl   0-avp  an  appnnnt 

ODE  and  OAD.            ; 
fore  bode'  re  loaJ7   : 

OR    WRITING. 

hat  the  engine  was  ; 
heard  of  the  famine,  \ 

nr    it  in  tno    marfrm 

of  his  letter.  He  sold  his  cargo.  A  tale, 
of  sorrow.  He  was  a  hero.  See  the 
shadow. 


SPELLING-BOOK.                              31 

\ 

OL  and  OLE. 
£  con  trol'    con  dole' 
\  pa  irol      con  sole 

OL  and  OLE. 
en  wl'        pa  wlef 
un  wl        pis  tole 

'          OSE  and  ows. 
\  dis  pose7    widxow;s 
pro  pose    win  dows 

OSE  and  ows. 
trans  pose7  sparrows 
com  pose    mead  ows  ; 

OTE  and  OAT. 

de  note'    a  floai7 

OTE  and  OAT. 
de  vote7      waist7coai  : 

UE  and  EW. 
\  en  due'     be  dew?7 
[  ac  crue      a  new? 
:  em  brue     re  new? 

UE  and  EW. 
ven  due'     cur'  few     i 
sub  dwe      sin  ew? 
en  swe        mil  dew?     ; 

USE  and  UCE, 
:  ex  cwse7     in  duce' 
a  bwse       tra  dwce 
:  dif  fuse      e  duce 
re  cluse     de  dwce 

;                             EXERCISES    F 

He  could  control  t 
t  conso/e  him.     He  c 
f  windows.     I  will  ren 
[  due  him.     He  can 
[  I  will  indwce  him  tc 

+   trxf\t//*0  Viim 

USE  and  UCE. 
ab  strwse7  se  duce'    ; 
ob  twse       con  duce  ] 
refuse        pro  duce  ; 
dis  use'      in  duce     ; 

OR    WRITING.                            ; 

limself.     I  could  not  ; 
,ould  dispose  of  the  ; 
ew?  it.     He  can  sub-  J 
prodwce  an  excwse.  \ 
>  study.     I  will  not  | 

>  32 

THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

\           UTE  and  UIT. 

UTE  and  UIT. 

;  ;   con  fute' 

nnr  o/j/7// 

IJU.1     SUtll 

tribute 

TP    PT1/7  /' 
1C    \sL  Wl/v 

EB,  BE,  OB,  and  AR.                          ^ 

ru'ler 

a'cre 

tu'mor 

War 

tra  der 

li  vre 

ru  mor 

fri  ar 

cor  ner 

sa  bre 

tre  mor 

nee  tar 

tim  ber 

me  tre 

clam  or 

mor  tar 

un  der 

fi  bre 

can  dor 

schol  ar 

mut  ter 

ni  tre 

sa  vor 

pop  lar 

bet  ter 

spec  tre 

er  ror 

col  lar 

lin  ger 

mau  gre 

vie  tor 

so  lar 

bin  der 

cen  tre 

vig  or 

po  lar 

ten  der 

lus  tre 

doc  tor 

lu  nar 

quiv  er 

om  bre  **  tu  tor 

dol  lar     \ 

ves  per 

o  chre 

fac  tor    , 

ce  dar 

\    pros  per 

lu  ere 

fa  vor 

beg  gar   j 

i[   fes  ter 

seep  tre 

lie  tor 

pil  lar 

^   bri  er 

som  bre 

major 

vie  ar 

i   help  er 

mea  gre 

pas  tor 

vul  gar     ; 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

He  was 

-'     T>m/-i       4-v»-i  V-»/>  it 

in  pursuit  of  his  horse.     He  ^ 

r>       +si       W-rArt-iY^                 A        l-isv/v*      wrill       ii/-vf     3 

prosper.  No  one  will  favor  him.  A 
beggar  sat  under  the  tree.  I  gave  th@ 
doctor  a  dollar.  He  called  it  lucre.  The 
brier  grew  in  the  centre  of  the  garden. 


'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX^ 


SPELLING-BOOK.                               33 

\  * 
\\ 

; 

i 
1 

EN  and  ON. 
ha'ven       ma7son 
ta  ken       par  don 
gar  den     par  son 
war  den    cot  ton 
lis  ten        pris  on 
cho  sen     crim  son 
to  ken       but  ton  \ 

us  and  ous. 
ge7nws      jea!7ows 
bo  nus      zeal  ous 
cir  cus      lep  rows 
re  bus       pi  ous 
sur  plies     fa  mows 
gram  pus  ner  vows  ' 
isth  mws    pompows 

INE  and  IGN, 
re  pine7     en7  sign 
su  pine      as  sign' 
con  fine    con  dign 
de  cline    de  sign 

INE  and  IGN. 
re  cline7    re  si^n7 
de  fine      ma  lign 
in  cline     be  ni^n 
carx  bine  con  s^n 

ITE  and  IGHT. 
u  nite'       a  light' 
in  dite       de  light 
po  lite       a  right 
excite      affright 

EXERCISES    F 

IT        1               „      1               ^1 

ITE  and  IGHT.     •* 
con7  trite  in7  sight 
fi  nite        fore  sight 
le  vite       twi  light 
re  quife7    fort  mght 

OR   WRITING. 

the  garden.  A 'plows  man.  In  crossing  \ 
the  isthmws  he  saw  a  grampws,  which  ^ 
made  him  quite  nervous.  I  will  not  re-  > 
pine.  It  is  a  good  design.  Define  the  - 
words.  Unite  them  with  delight.  I  can 
^  indite.  He  lived  a 

VXxxxxx, 


34 


THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


ER  and  UR. 

ER  and  UR. 

<   de  fer7       de  mwr7 

con  fer7      in  cwr7     \ 

|   de  ter        re  cwr 

pre  fer       oc  cwr 

ERSE,   ERCE,   and  URSE. 

|      per  verse7       co  erce7           im  burse* 

>      dis  perse        a  merce           dis  bwrse 

i|      im  merse       com^  merce      ac  cwrse 

>                                  ERN,  URN,   and  EARN. 

;      con  cera7       re  twra7           un  learn' 

, 

ERT,  URT,  and  IRT. 

in  serfx           un  hurt'          be  girtf 

AU  and  AW. 

AU  and  AW. 

;  aw7  ger     aw1  ful 

aw7  gust  awk7  ward 

^  aw  (dit      awn  ing 

aw  spice  dawn  ing 

s  aw  tumn  fawn  ing 

aw  thor    fawn  er 

caw  tion  law  ful 

aw  burn   law  less 

caws  tic   law  suit 

awe  tion  law  yer 

aw  stere7  raw  ness 

caw  tious  saw  dust 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

I  will  defer  my  visit.    It  will  not  recwr. 

He  told  the  mob  to  disperse.     He  could  \ 

not   coerce.      Write  the  word  disbwrse.  \ 

Retwm,  and  unlearn,  and  concern  have  \ 

different  terminations.     I  can  insert  it.  J 

1  He  was  unhwrf.    The  lawyer  came  home  | 

<  in  ^fwgust. 

SPELLING-BOOK.                               35  \ 

IE  and  EI. 
brief       ei7  ther 
grief       nei  ther 
thi^f       lei  sure 
fief         sei  zure 
chief      con  ceive7 
grieve     de  ceive 
L0 

IE  and'Ei. 
be  lieve7    re  ceive'    I 
re  lieve      de  ceit 
re  prieve    re  ceipt     \ 
re  trieve    per  ceive 
a  chieve     con  ceit 
be  siege 

EER,   IER,   and   ERE. 

en  gi  neer7     brig  a  dier7     in  ter  fere7 
dom  i  neer     cav  a  lier        per  se  vere 
gaz  ct  teer     gren  a  dier     cas  si  mere 
pri  va  teer      fin  an  cier 

.  ••                               ; 

TT,  EU,  UE;BW,  EAU,  and  IEW. 
duf  ty      new7  ten;     rwe7  ful       dew/  drop  ; 
du  el       new  tral1      dew;  y 

fw  el        plew  ri  sy     beaj^  ty      view;  less 

•; 
: 

EXfeRCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

The  thief  9id  not  r0ceive  his  deserved  $ 

punishment.  We  are  often  deceived  by  ^ 
the  appearance  of  grief.  The  receipt  re-  \ 
lieved  him  from  embarrassment.  The  \ 
grenadier  was  clothed  in  cassirnere.  The  \ 
auctioneer  was  compelled  to  interfere. 


36 


THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


ANT  and  ENT. 

va'  cant  arx  dent 

fra  grant  pen  dent 

in  fant  co  gent 

dor  man*-  strin  gen* 

con  stanJ  cur  rent 

dis  tan£>  ur  gent 

er  ran*  fer  ven2 

fla  grant  fre  quenl 


AKCB  and  EBCE. 


balx 

dis 

in  stance 

sub 

sem 

ut  ter 


ig  no  Tance 
ra  di 


prax 
ere 
ca  dence 
si  lewce 
sci  ence 
in  flu  ence 
con  flu  ence 
neg  li  gence. 


EXERCISES    TOB   WRITING. 

A  fragrant  flower.     A  constant  friend* 
A  distant  object.     His  reasoning  was  co- 
gent   He  was  urgent  in  his  request.  The 
balance  was  paid.     The  confluence  of  the  \ 
two  rivers.    His  utterance  was  bad.    The  \ 
radiance  of  the  sun. 


^^*v**£ 


...  .  K 

^/XXXXXXXXXXXv^XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX^XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX^ 

SPELLING-BOOK.                              37  ^ 

t   *"" 

t                              ABLE  and 

IBLE.                                           5 

lau'  da  6/e 

plau7  s/  6?e 

prob  a  ble 

cred  i  ble 

sol  va  ble 

sen  si  ble 

ca  pa  6/e 

au  di  6/e 

ten  a  ble 

for  ci  ble 

;          nm  ta  6/e 

leg  i  6/e 

li  a  ble 

flex  t  6/e 

cul  pa  ble 

fran  gi  ble 

port  a  6/e 

fu  si  6/e 

;          af  fa  6/e 

vis  i  ble 

tax  a  ble 

pos  si  6/6 

trac  ta  6/e 

tan  gi  ble             \ 

pal  pa  ble 

ven  di  ble 

\          no  ta  ble 

fal  li  6/e 

ford  a  We 

ed  i  6/e                ^ 

par  a  6/e 

feas  i  6/e              ^ 

leas  a  6/e 

ris  i  ble                \ 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 


$  A  laudafr/e  desire.  A  plausi&Ze  tale.  ^ 
v  A  pioba&/e  event.  A  sensible  man.  His  ^ 
\  position  was  not  tenable.  A  portafi/e  \ 
$  desk.  A  frangi&fe  vessel.  His  conduct  \ 
^  was  culpa6/e.  The  stream  was  forda6/e.  ^ 
N  The  writing  was  legift/e.  He  understood  ^ 
<  the  paraWe.  His  organs  were  flexible,  v 


^•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxA 
38  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


{              Y  and  EY. 

Y  and  EY. 

1   sha7  dy     ab7  bey 

hap7  py    val7  ley 

|   mer  ry      mon  ey 

love  ly      gal  ley 

;   slee  py     vol  ley 
:   gree  dy    tur  key 

lone  ly     med  ley 
state  ly    kid  ney     } 

kind  ly     chim  ney 

bod  y       bar  ley      } 

•   dain  ty     ker  sey 

gid  dy      par  ley 

:   folly       jersey 

, 
k 

sal  ly        mot  ley     \ 

si  and  ci.                                  ^ 

\ 

ne  ces7  si  ty 

ve  rac7  i  ty 

;          im  men  si  ty 

lo  quac  i  ty 

in  ten  si  ty 

ra  pac  i  ty 

di  ver  si  ty 

sa  gac  i  ty 

u  ni  ver7  si  ty 

te  nac  i  ty 

:          gen  er  as  i  ty 

ca  pae  i  ty 

an  i  mos  i  ty 

fe  roc  i  ty 

cu  ri  05  i  ty 

i 

a  troc  i  ty 

^ 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING.                            J 

:      A  shady  bower.     The  abbey  received  \ 

;  his  money.     A  lovely  valley.     A  body  of  { 

;  men.    The  turkey  was  fed  on  barley.    A  $ 

;  motley  crew.    A  smoky  chimney.    A  gal-  $ 

;  ley  slave.     The  enemy  demanded  a  par-  \ 

:  ley.     The  deputy  made  a  long  journey,     i 

^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/»x<| 


N                                        SPELLING-BOOK.                               39 

CIAL 

and  TIAL. 

so7  cial 

nup7  tial 

spe  cial 

mar  tial 

i 

ju  di7  cial 

par  ft'a/ 

\ 

of  fi  cial 

po  ten7  tial 

^ 

fi  nan  cial 

es  sen  tial 

com  mer  cial 

sub  stan  Jz'a/ 

pro  vin  cial 

im  par  tial 

CIOUS 

and  TIOUS. 

gra7  cious 

cau7  tious 

spe  cz'ows 

fac  <iows 

spa  cious 

frac  ft'ows 

lus  a'ows 

r*z*r\  'tiniiQ 

l_/clJJ    LlUllo 

; 

au  da7  cious 

VPY    J}^   /7  /")?/<? 
\  U  A.    ci      fctL/ttO 

^ 

sa  ga  cz'ows 

la  ce  iious 

; 

vo  ra  cious 

se  di  fo'0ws 

; 

a  tro  czoi/5 

con  ten  ^'ow5 

fe  ro  cious 

in  fee  ^'ows 

; 

EXERCISES 

FOR   WRITING. 

j 

A  social  meetinj 

5.     A  spea'a/  messen- 

<: 

sr.  Nup^'a/  rights.  Martial  deeds.  | 
^  Official  duties.  Judicial  proceedings.  \ 
i  Essential  properties.  Financial  opera-  ^ 
^  tions.  Influent/  friends.  A  gracious  $ 
N  reception.  A  cautious  man.  A  sagacious  \ 
\  prince.  ^ 


/ 

40                       THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

ETY  and 

ITY. 

pi'  e  ty 

a  bil'  i  ty 

ni  ce  ty 

ci  vil  i  ty 

moi  e  ty 

di  vin  i  ty 

so  ci'  e  ty 

e  ter  ni  ty 

va  ri  e  ty 

an  nu  i  ty 

so  bri  e  ty 

gra  tu  i  ty 

anx  i  e  ty 

e  nor  mi  ty 

EOUS  and 

IOUS. 

du'  te  ous 

se'  ri  ous 

lig  ne  ous 

te  di  ous 

pit  e  ous 
hid  e  ous 

im  pi  ous 
du  bi  ous 

a  que  ous 

stu  di  ous 

ig  ne  ous 

o  di  ous 

vit  re  ous 

en  vi  ous 

os  se  ous 

ob  vi  ous 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING.  ^ 

Piety  is  honorable  in  all.  His  ability  ^ 
was  great.  A  variety  of  topics.  He  re-  I 
ceived  an  annuity.  A  duteous  child.  A  $ 
tedious  journey.  The  previous  question.  \ 
A  piteous  groan.  Impious  conduct.  A  $ 
notorious  character.  Cutaneous  disease.  \ 
A  studious  boy. 

i+++fy 


SPELLING-BOOK.  41 

CIATE  and  TIATE. 


as  so7  ci  ate 

ne  go7  ft*  ate 

e  ma  ci  ate 

in  gra  ti  ate 

ap  pre  ci  ate 

ex  pa  ti  ate 

de  pre  ci  ate 

li  cen  ti  ate 

con  so  ci  ate 

sub  stan  ft'  ate 

EMENT  and 

IMENT. 

ve7  he  ment 

ru7  di  wen* 

im  pie  ment 

nu  tri  ment 

sup  pie  ment 

sen  ti  ment 

ten  e  ment  ' 

con  di  mentf 

el  e  ment 

det  n  ment 

EFY  and 

IFY. 

liq7  ue  /?/ 

grat7  ijfy 

/* 
pu  tre/y 

dig  nify 

rar  e/y 

qual  ijfy 

stu  pe  fy 

ed  ijy 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

$      He  appreciates  the  advantage.     The  ; 

\  business   was   negotiated.     The   money  ; 

<  depreciated.  Vehement  desire.  Rudt-  ' 
ments  of  learning.  Implements  of  hus- 
bandry. His  sentiments  were  approved.  ; 
I  will  gratify  him.  He  will  stupefy  his 
senses. 


42  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


;i 

CAL,  CLE,  and  KLE. 

1 

1    drop7  si  cat 

I       par'  ti  cle 

free'  kle 

\    ver  ti  cal 

ar  ti  cle 

sic  kle 

;J    typ  i  cal 

cu  ti  cle 

buc  kle 

j!    mys  ti  cal 

ven  tri  cle 

spec  kle 

;;    crit  i  cal 

pin  na  cle 

sprin  kle 

cler  i  caZ 

ob  sta  cle 

shac  kle      \ 

rad  i  cal 

ves  i  cle 

pric  &/e 

prac  ti  ca/ 

ve  hi  cle 

tin  kle 

CY,  SY,  and  ZY. 

I 

spi'  cy 

dai'  sy 

diz'  zy 

mer  cy 

grassy 

lazy 

i  cy 

drop  sy 

era  zy 

flee  cy 

gyp  sy 

hazy 

sau  cy 

noi  sy 

ma  zy 

fan  cy 

clum  sy 

fren  zy 

ra  cy 

ro  sy 

dozy 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  dropsical  habit.     A  partic/e  of  mat- 
ter.    The   sun   is  often  verticaZ.     The  $ 
reaper  uses  a  sickle.    A  radical  error.    A  $ 
'Critics/  writer.    Mystical  lore.    The  pin-  \ 
nac/e  of  fame.    Spicy  breezes.  The  hum-  ^ 
ble  daisy.    The  dizzy  heights.    The  fleecy  > 
snow.     His  gestures  are  clumsy.     The  v 
:  gypsy  left  a  small  legacy.     The   hazy  \ 
i  atmosphere. 


xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-^ 
SPELLING-BOOK.  43   > 


eel7  e  brate 
lib  e  rate 
des  e  crate 
op  e  rate 
tol  e  rate 
gen  e  rate 
ven  e  rate 
rec  re  ate 
pen  e  trate 
per  pe  trate 
ad  e  quate 
del  e  gate 
nu  me  rate 
con  se  crate 
dep  re  cate 
con  gre  gate 
ex  e  crate 


E  and  i. 


ab'  di  cate 
med  i  cate 
in  d/  cate 
ex  in  cate 
can  d*  date 
ob  li  gate 
crim  i  nate 
nom  i  nate 
mil  i  tate 
hes  i  tate 
cul  ti  vate 
grav  i  tate 
cap  ti  vate 
vin  di  cate 
cog  i  tate 
em  i  grate 
as  pi  rate 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

\Ve  celebrate  the  birthday  of  Wash- 
ington. They  desecrate  the  Sabbath.  H$ 
was  a  candidate  for  office.  He  extri- 
cates himself  from  difficulty.  The  church 
was  consecrated.  He  vindicates  his 
claim.  He  was  a  delegate  to  nominate 
a  candidate  for  office. 


<£-^xx, 

i|  44 

THE    PRIMAR1 

IT    SCHOOL 

*++4 

ii 

SION  and 

TION. 

,  > 

pas7  sion 

nax  tion  • 

i  i 

mis  sion 

ra  iion 

j 

SeS  Sion 

sta  txon 

! 

pen  sion 
ten  sion 

fac  fe'on 
trac  tion 

1 

ver  sion 
o  mis7  sion 

cap  ftVm 

j; 

pro  fes  sion 

sal  va  fo'ow 

op  pres  sion 
vad  mis  sion 

no  ta  to'on 
du  ra  fo'on 

dis  mis  sion 
dis  cus  sion 

plan  ta  tion 
de  vo  ft'o/i 

\ 

sue  ces  sfon 

e  mo  tion 

I 

sus  pen  sion 
pro  gres  sion 
im  pres  sion 
con  ces  sion 

pro  mo  tion 
de  tec  ft'ow 
re  cep  tion 
de  ten  fo'oft 

\ 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

He  received  a  pension.     The  faction  $ 
\  was  divided.     His  emotion  was  great. 

The   nation   suffered   from    oppression. 

There  was  an  omission  of  the  capft'on. 
;  He  filled  the  station  with  dignity.   There  $ 
\  was  a  Suspension  of  hostilities. 

^x^xxx*^xx^x^^»*v**xx£ 


SPELLING-BOOK. 

45  $ 

lam& 
jam6 
lim& 
clim& 

SILENT  LETTERS. 
B. 

dum&          plum& 
num&          tom& 
crum&         bom& 
thumft         dou&t 

1 

de&t 
de&t7  or 
su&t  le 
re  dou&t7 

\  c. 

\  in  diet7      in  diet7  ment    vict7  u  As     czar 


D. 

>  hand7  some  Wednes7  day  hand7  kcr  chief  $ 


I        _^ 

G. 

£  sign  deign          gnash  phlegm 

^  de  sign7  feign  gnaw  poign7  ant 

J  as  sign  reign  gnat  seign  ior 

$  con  dign  ar  raign7      gnarled  im  pugn7 

\  en7  sign  cam  paign  bagn7  io  im  pregn 


<  EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

The  lam&  bleats.  They  clim&  the  hill* 
>  The  bom&  burst.  The  de&t  was  paid-  ^ 
^  fle  was  indicted  for  murder.  The  czar  \ 
\  was  cruel.  The  ensign  signed  the  paper.  \ 
^  The  de&tor  assigned  his  property.  The  \ 
\  gnarled  oak.  He  gnashed  with  his  teeth.  \ 
\  In  the  reign  of  the  late  sovereign.  Gnats  £ 
$  bite.  J 


46 


THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


K. 

knack 

&nell 

&nob 

knave 

&nit 

know 

knee 

knight 

knew 

fcnead 

&nife 

fcnown 

kneel 

knot 

&nock 

CH. 

drtcAm 

yacht 

schism 

L. 

a?ms 

calf 

balk 

ba/m 

half 

calk 

palm 

calve 

chalk 

psalm 

halve 

stalk 

qua/m 

salve 

talk 

could 

would 

walk 

should 

be  ha/P 

al'  mond 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

The  &nave  was  compelled  to  bow  the 
fcnee.  The  fcnell  was  heard.  The  knife  \ 
was  broken  in  a  knot.  A  glass  knob.  He  5 
asked  for  a/ms.  A  balmy  breeze.  His  ; 
mind  was  calm.  Almonds  are  bitter.  ; 
The  sa/mon  was  caught.  A  stalk  of  \ 
grass.  The  vessel  was  so/dered. 


4 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


hynw 
kiln 


N. 

con  denw' 
con  tenw 


p. 

prompt 
1st      tempt 
psal  ter        emp'  ty 


psalm 


isle 


chastf'  en 
hast  en 
christf  en 
glistf  eo- 
listf  en 
moisf  en 


s. 

sous 


T. 


en 


softx 
oft  en 
fast  en 
cas  £le 
bus  tie 
jos  tie 


sol7  enw 
au  tunw 


re  ceipt7 
ex  empt 
symp7  torn  \ 


land 


gris7  de 
whis  tie 
this  rte 
rus  tie 
pes  £le 
wres  de 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  gave  the  man  a  sous  to  carry  him 
over  to  the  island.  Chasten  thy  son,  and 
hasten  to  be  wise.  Listen  to  instruction. 
The  castle  was  taken.  The  leaves  were 
moistened.  The  busde  was  great.  This- 
ties  grow  in  meadows.  He  heard  the 
sound  of  the  whistle. 


t    48                        THE    PRIMARY 

SCHOOL 

S 

p 

brogue 

league 

[           rogue 

teagwe 

vogue 

vagwe 

t           tongue 

plagwe 

mosque 

o  paqwex 

pique 

col  league 

ob  lique' 

pro  rogwe 

fa  tigue 

ecx  logwe 

in  trigue 

prol  ogi^e 

ha  rangue 

di  a  logwe 

cat'  a  logue 

dec  a  logwe 

ped  a  gogwe 

ep  i  logwe 

syn  a  gogwe 

tri  a  logwe 

.  ap  o  logz^e 

dem  a  gogwe 

EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 

The  rogtje  speaks  with  a  brogue.  A 
league  was  formed  against  him.  The 
intrigue  was  discovered.  He  was  ex- 
hausted with  fatigue  A  prologue  is 
spoken  before,  and  an  epilogue  after,  a 
play.  Repeat  the  decalogue.  Dema- 
gogues addressed  the  crowd.  He  read 
the  catalogue.  The  boys  recited  the 
dialogue.  They  worshipped  in  the  syn- 
agogue. 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


49 


.guard 
guess 
guest 
guide 
guile 
guilt 
built 
build 

wrap 
wrath 
tweak 
wreck 


wreath 
whole 
rarest 
wretch 


u. 

buy 
quay 
quote 
con7  quer 
cir  cuit 
buy  er 
bis  cuit 
guin  ea 

w. 

write 
wring 
writ 
wrist 
writhe 
wrote 
wrong 
wrung 
wry 


'tal 
quo  rum 
quo  ta 
quo  tient 
guit  ar7 
be  guile 
dis  guise 
liq7  wor 


wri7 


tng 


wrin  kle 
writ  ten 
wres  tie 
sword 
whoop 
an7  swer 
tow  ards 
knoid  edge 


bought 
bought 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Gward  against  gialt.      James 
some    biscwits.     The    drunkard 
some   liquor   for   a   guinea.     The   lady 
played   on  the   guitar.     It  is  wrong  to 

$  turangle.      The    cruel   boy  wrung    the 

\  wren's  neck.    His  faith  made  him  whole. 

\  An  ansitfer  was  given.     The  si(?ord  was 

I  broken.     He  wrote  the  letter. 

^<^x^xxxx^ 


THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


*ss-& 


SOUNDS  OP  LETTERS. 


cAaise 
cAi  cane' 
cAa  grin 

•) 

cAa7  os 
cAasm 
cAoir 
cAord 

cAest 

cAair 

cAaff 

cAalk 

cheap 

cheese 

chance 


CH  like  SH. 
made7 
mois 

cham  paign 

CH  like  K. 
cho/  ral 
chol  er 
cAo  rus 
C/irist 


CH  like  TSH. 

charge 

change 

charm 

chaste 

chat 

cheer 

choke 


ma  chine1 
soucAong 
c/iiv7  al  ry 


1C 

cAron  i  cle 
cAor  is  ter 
CAris  tian 

cAoice 

cAoose 

cAurch 

cAurl 

cAurn 


ry 
cher  ub 


L 

4> 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


The  macMne 


The  cAoir  sang  a  cAorus 


1 


The  chain  was  broken. 
was  invented. 

in  the  cAurch.  The  chest  was  broken 
open.  The  cAaplain  was  sitting  in  the 
cAancel.  A  cAeap  book.  Cheese  is 
made  of  milk.  The  hunter  fell  during 
the  cAase. 


t 


^^. 
SPELLING-BOOK,  61 

G  hard  before  E,  i,  and  Y. 

gird  give  stagger 

girl  gave  an  ger 

gut  geese  boggy 

gift  get  fin  ger 

gig  target  gid  dy 

gild  an  ger  pirn  let 

gills  dag  ger  lin  ger 

gimp  rag  ged  hun  ger 


PH  sounded  like  F. 

phrase  sphere  ci' 

phlegm  ]ymph  eph  od 

phe1  nix          cam!  phoi  phys  ic 

ptieas  ant       pam  phlet  tro  phy 

phren  sy    ,-~or  phan  tri  umph 

pha  lanx         soph  ism  ep  i  taph 

pha  e  ton        soph  ist  eu  pho  ny 

phan  torn        ser  aph  al  pAa  bet    ; 

EXERCISES    FOB   WRITING. 

Gird  on  your  armor.    The  girl  received  ; 
a  gift.     His  finger  was  cut  with  a  dagger,  i 
A  gimlet  is  a  small  auger.     The  ^Aenix  | 
arose  from  its  ashes.     The  peasant  was 
caught.     The  propAet  was  in  a  phrensy. 
The  seraph  spake. 


i  52 

THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

\ 

\ 

x  sounds  like 

GZ. 

\  ea:  act7 

ea:  isty 

ea:  as7  per  ate 

| 

$  ea:  alt 

ea:  ult 

ea:  or  bi  tant 

| 

N  ea:  haust 

ea:  am7  ine 

ea:  ec  u  tive 

1 

\  ea:  hort 

ea:  am  pie 

ea:  ec  u  tor 

\  ea:  empt 

ea:  ot  ic 

ea:  ec  u  trix 

}  ea:  ert 
\ 

ea:  em  pla  ry 

ea:  on  er  ate 

\ 

\ 

x  like  KS. 

\ 

$  ea:7  it 

ea:  pect7 

ea:  clu7  sive 

\ 

ea:  tant 

ea:  pel 

ea:7  pi  ate 

\ 

ea:  tract 

ea:  press 

ea:  qui  site 

^ 

:|  ea:toF 

ea:  tend 

ea:  ere  ment 

\ 

$  ea:  eeed 

ea:  pose 

ea:  tat7  ic 

J  ea:  elude 

ea:  cise 

ea:  hib  it 

J  ea:  treme 

ea:  pound 

ea:  cheq  uer 

>  ea:  eel 

ea/  e  cute 

ea:  cur  sion 

\  ex  cept 

ea:  er  cise 

ea:  claim7 

\  ea:  cess 

ea:  clu7  sion 

lua:7  u  ry 

\ 

i  ' 

\ 

! 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING.                            ;! 

The  amount  was  ea:act.  He  ea:alts 
himself.  The  funds  were  ea;hausted. 
The  boy  ea:erted  all  his  powers.  He 
made  his  ea:it.  Only  a  part  of  Livy  is 
ea:tant.  An  ea:tract  from  Caesar.  The 
judge  ea:pounded  the  law.  The  scholar 
was  ea:tolled. 


£>  x^xx**  xxxxx>«^ 

l 

SPELLING-BOOK. 

•xxxxxxx/^x^^^^^ 

53 

<j 

I      RULE  I. 

Monosyllables  ending  with  F,  L,  or  s? 

'  preceded  by 

a  single  vowel,  double  the  final  con- 

|  sonant;  as, 

grass 

pass           miss 

staff 

I      mass 

spell          puss 

wall 

puff 

wall           mess          bliss 

muff 

toll            mill 

hill 

! 

EXCEPTIONS. 

1 

his 

has            us 

this 

] 

;      was 

as              thus 

if 

: 

;      is 

gas            yes 

of 

; 

:      RULE  II. 

Words  ending  with 

any  other  con- 

] 

•  sonant  than 

F,  L,  or  s,  do  not 

double  the  final 

! 

consonant  ;  as,                                                           J 

bib 

kid            mud 

dim 

£ 

;     fib 

bid            bid 

skim 

\ 

:      glib 

did            rig 

slim 

\ 

;      nib 

hid            dig 

trim 

I 

EXCEPTIONS. 

[      bull 

add           odd 

err 

burr 

ebb           egg 

purr 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

\      He  went  to  the  mi//  with  a  staj^.    The 
\  tall  grass.     Light  the  gas.     A  big  kid.  | 
^  He  stops  at  the  inn.     He  lays  stress  on  | 
^  his  ski//. 


5* 


J    K. 


\   54                       THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL                                £ 

jl       RULE  III.     Words  ending  with  a  single  conso-  V 
>  nant,  accented  on  the  last  syllable  and  preceded  \ 
[  by  a  single   vowel,   double   the   final   consonant  J 

*  before  a 

termination  beginning  with  a  vowel. 

|  rob 

rob'  bing 

cut        cut'  ting      > 

;  rub 

rub  bing 

fret       fret  ting 

;  drop 

drop  ping 

shed      shed  ding 

\  fan 

fan  ning 

hop       hop  ping 

>  nod 

nod  ding 

stop      stop  ping 

|  dun 

d.un  ning 

fan        fan  ning 

|  beg 

beg  ging 

drum    drum  ming 

Uuit 

quit  ting 

sup        sup  ping      \ 

^  sin 

sin  ning 

war       war  ring 

t  ship 

ship  ping 

win       win  ning     v 

£  shut 

shut  ting 

bid        bid  ding 

sit 

sit  ting 

stir       stir  ring 

run 

run  ning 

plan      plan  ning 

pun 

pun  ning 

sun        sunning 

EXERCISES 

FOR    WRITING. 

1 

The 

beggar  wras 

staged  by  the  robber.  ! 

$  He  was  running. 

The  maid  was  fanning  } 

her  mistress.  He  was  beginning  to  learn. 
The  little  drummer  sat  in  the  inner  room 
sowing.  The  craggy  rock  was  over- 
grown with  ivy.  The  evidence  was 

\  summed  up.    The  prisoner  was  acquired. 

\  He  was  cubing  the  rigging. 

^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 


SPELLING-BOOK.                               55   > 

\       RULE  IV.     Words  ending  with  two  consonants  J 

\  do   not 

double    the    final 

consonant 

when   they  \ 

\  receive 

an  additional  syllable  ;  as, 

^  march 

march7  ing 

sigh 

sigh7  ing    \ 

^  morn 

morn  ing 

ring 

ring  ing     * 

{  warn 

warn  ing 

gird 

gird  ing     x 

^  turn 

turn  ing 

burn 

burn  ing    ^ 

\  churn 

churn  ing 

think 

think  ing   j 

s  mock 

mock  ing 

drink 

drink  ing   > 

^  charm 

charm  ing 

fast 

fast  ing      \ 

$  ford 

ford  ing 

thank 

thank  ing  ] 

\  rest 

rest  ing 

sing 

sing  ing 

\  yield 

yield  ing 

pest 

pest  ing 

}  work 

work  ing 

err 

err  ing 

$  slight 

slight  ing 

vaunt 

vaunt  ing 

\  carp 

carp  ing 

fawn 

fawn  ing 

^  sack 

sack  ing 

mourn 

mourn  ing 

t  press 

press  ing 

dress 

dress  ing 

i 

\ 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  army  was  marc/ling  early  in  the 
morning.  The  warning  was  not  heeded. 
The  bells  werp  ringing.  The  bards  were 
singing.  The  music  was  charming.  The 
laborers  were  resting.  The  man  was 
dressed  in  mourning.  He  was  resting.  \ 
The  boy  is  drinking. 

xxxxx**^ 


4* 


^xxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

56  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


\      RULE  V.     If  a  diphthong  precede 

the  final  con-  \ 

^  sonant, 

or  the  last  syllable 

be  not 

accented,  the  v 

\  consonant  remains  single  ;  as, 

\ 

suit 

suit'  ing 

boil 

boil'  ing 

fail 

fail  ing 

view 

view  ing 

oil 

oil  ing 

keep 

keep  ing 

hail 

hail  ing 

learn 

learn  ing    } 

\  earn 

earn  ing 

deal 

deal  ing     3 

reap 

reap  ing 

yield 

yield  ing    } 

toil 

toil  ing 

leap 

leap  ing     \ 

keep 

keep  ing 

bear 

bear  ing     \ 

soar 

soar  ing 

creep 

creep  ing   j 

cook 

cook  ing 

feast 

feast  ing     } 

meet 

meet  ing 

greet 

greet  ing 

\  look 

look  ing 

seek 

seek  ing 

speed 

speed  ing 

fleet 

fleet  ing 

o 

wail 

wail  ing 

rail 

rail  ing 

\  lev  el 

lev  el  ing 

model 

mod  el  ing 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


The  farmer  was  reaping  his  grain.  \ 
The  boy  was  learning  his  lesson.  The  $ 
eagle  was  soaring  in  the  air.  The  din-  $ 
ner  was  boi/ing.  The  servants  were  \ 
waiting.  The  crew  were  landing.  They  $ 
had  been  toi/irig  all  night.  He  was  leve/-  > 
ing  the  ground.  He  was  greeting  his  j 
friends.  ^ 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


RULE  VI.     Words  ending  in  E  final  drop  the 
E  before  terminations  beginning  with  a  vowel. 


hope 

bake 

live 

sue 

tune 

come 

have 

use 

place 

rule 

shine 

dance 

fade 

save 

graze 


hop7  i 
bak  ing 
liv  ing 
su  ing 
tun  ing 
com  ing 
hav  ing 
us  ing 
pla  cing 
rul  ing 
shin  ing 
danc  ing 
fad  ing 
sav  in£ 
graz  ing 


rise 

ride 

prove 

praise 

serve 

judge 

love 

hate 

lodge 

scale 

raze 

force 

give 

gaze 

like 


ns7  ing 
rid  ing 
prov  ing 
prais  ing 
serv  ing 
judg  ing 
lov  ing 
ha  ting 
lodg  ing 
seal  ing 
raz  ing 
fore  ing 
giv  ing 
gaz  ing 
lik  ing 


EXCEPTIONS.  Words  ending  in  CE  or  GE  retain 
the  E  before  a ble,  to  preserve  the  soft  sound  of  c  or 
G  ;  as,  change,  changeable  ;  peace,  peaceable. 


EXERCISES 


FOR    WRITING. 
~» 


The  water  was  rising, 
baking.     The    boy 
flowers  were  fading, 
ing.      The   cattle   were 
soldiers  were  scaling  the  walls, 
ing  was  provided. 


ing.     The  birds  are  coming. 


b.    The  bread  was 
was    riding.      The 
The  snn  was  shin- 
grazing.     The 
A  lodg- 
The  girls  were  danc- 


!  58 


THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


RULE  VII.     The  final  E  is  not  dropped  before 
terminations  beginning  with  a  consonant ;  as, 


life 

force 

name 

shame 

guile 

taste 

grace 

sense 

blame 

care 


life7  less 
force  less 
name  less 
shame  less 
guile  less 
taste  less 
grace  less 
sense  less 
blame  less 
care  less 


like 
rude 
pale 
base 
same 
„  bare 
Scarce 
fierce 
hoarse 


like7  nessX 
rude  ness  %, 
pale  ness  L 


guide  guide  less 

cease  cease  less 

base  base  less 

peace  peace  ful 

hate  hate  ful 

grate  grate  ful 


base  ness 
same  ness 
bare  ness 
scarce  nessl 
fierce  ness 
hoarse  ness 
coarse    coarse  ness 
sure     "Tnire  ness 
polite  ^polite  ness 
wake     wake  ful 
waste    waste  ful 
care       care  ful 
dire       dire  ful  V 


EXERCISES    FOR  WRITING. 

A  lifeless  mass.  A  true  likeness.  A 
shameless  bard.  He  is  guilty  of  base- 
ness in  his  business.  A  blameless  life. 
He  was  grateful  for  the  gift.  A  direful 
calamity.  He  was  careless  of  his  health. 
The  child  was  wakeful.  He  was  very 
careless.  The  rudeness  of  the  boy  was 
noticed. 


SPELLING-BOOK.  59   ^ 

\  RULE  VIII.  Words  ending  in  Y,  preceded  by  a  \ 
\  consonant,  change  Y  into  i  when  a  termination  is  ^ 
N  added ;  as, 

i  mer7  cy  mer7  ci  ful3  mer7  cies      \ 

\  fan  cy  fan  ci  ful  fan  cies 

\  du  ty  du  ti  ful  du  ties 

\  boun  ty  boun  ti  ful  boun  ties      * 

>    pft  y  V       p'ft i  fai        P^  *es 

beauty          beau  ti  ful        beau  ties 

\  EXCEPTIONS.  Dry  and  shy  in  their  derivations  \ 
\  usually  retain  the  Y. 

J  i 

$  RULE  IX.  Words  ending  in  Y,  preceded  by  a  t 
\  vowel,  retain  the  Y  ;  as, 

^  play  play7  ing  pray  pray7  ing  ^ 
$  say  say  ing  joy  y  joy  ing  N 

\  stay          stay  ing  cry         cry  ing     $ 

^       EXCEPTIONS.  —  Day,  pay,  lay,  and  say,  which  ^ 
\  make  in  their  derivations  —  daily,  &c. 
\       Words  ending  in  IE  change  those  letters  into  Y  ^ 
^  before  ing ;  as,  die,  dying  ;  lie,  lying ;  vie,  vying.    \ 

$  $ 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

$  A  merciful  man.  A  dutiful  son.  A  ^ 
\  beautiful  scene.  The  beauties  of  nature,  j 
N  The  boys  were  playing  in  the  field.  Daily  v 
*  food.  * 

Sr.'+Si^ 


\ 


^    60  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL  ^ 

$  ^ 

i  WORDS  PRONOUNCED  ALIKE,  BUT  DIFFERING  A 
$  IN  ORTHOGRAPHY  AND  SIGNIFICATION.  * 
A. 

ail,  to  feel  pain 

ale,  a  kind  of  drink. 

air,  the  atmosphere.  \ 

heir,  one  who  inherits. 

ere,  before. 

e'er,  ever. 

all,  the  whole. 

awl,  a  sharp  instrument. 

alx  tar,  a  place  for  sacrifice.  \ 

al  ter,  to  change. 

aunt,  a  relation. 

ant,  a  small  insect. 

as  sent7,  agreement. 

as  cent,  steepness. 

aught,  any  thing. ' 

ought,  obliged  by  duty. 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

What  ails  you  ?     Three  different  ales.  \ 
The  cold  air.     An  heir  to  an  estate.     If  y 


\  e^er  it  happen.      Ere  you  go.     All  his  \ 
\  goods.     A  shoemaker's  awl.     Alter  the  v 

^    O  v 

^  shape  of  the  church  altar.    My  aunt  found  ^ 
^  an  anfs  nest.     The  ascent  of  a  hill.     I  j 
^  gave  my  assent.      If  aught  prevent  ys.  \ 
i  You  ought  to  go. 


SPELLING-BOOK.  61    $ 


arc,  part  of  a  circle. 
ark,  a  vessel  built  by  Noah. 
a  loud7,  with  a  loud  voice. 
al  lowed,  did  allow. 
aisle,  a  passage  in  a  church. 
isle,  an  island. 
.u'  ger,  an  instrument. 

;ur,  one  who  foretells. 
^•^er,  a  liquid  measure. 
an  chor,  of  a  vessel. 
adds,  increases. 


ail' 

au 


adze,  a  kind  of  axe. 


B. 


bad,  ill. 
bade,  did  bid. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  arc  of  a  circle.  Noah's  ark.  You 
$  will  be  allowed  to  read  aloud.  The 
\  aisle  of  a  church.  The  isle  of  Wi^ht. 
v  The  carpenter  lost  his  auger.  The 
\  augur  foretold  the  event.  The  ship  was 
^  held  by  the  anchor.  The  anker  was  well 
^  filled.  The  miser  adds  to  his  property. 
^  The  cooper's  adze.  He  bade  the  bad  boy 
\  reform. 


*   62  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

bail,  surety. 
bale,  a  parcel. 
ball,  a  round  substance. 
bawl,  to  cry  out. 
bear,  an  animal. 
bare,  without  covering. 
bark,  the  rind  of  a  tree. 
barque,  a  small  vessel. 
base,  vile. 
bass,  a  part  in  music. 
bay,  a  part  of  the  sea. 

\  bey,  a  Turkish  officer.  \ 

bell,  a  sounding  vessel. 
belle,  a  fine  young  lady. 


be,  to  exist. 
bee,  £m  insect. 
beach,  the  shore. 


beech,  a  kind  of  tree. 

\  EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

^      A  bale  of  goods.    Out  on  bail.    Throw  ^ 
•^  the  ball.     Do  not  bawl  so  loud.     Polar  £ 
\  bear.    Bare  feet.    The  barque  has  sailed.  \ 
\  The  bark  of  a  tree.     The  man  sings  the  < 
A  base  act.    The  beii  sailed  on  the  £ 


bay.  The  6e//e  of  the  village.  Ring  the  $ 
bell.  Be  quiet.  The  6ee  stings.  The  % 
beech-tree  never  grows  on  the  beach. 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


63    > 


beat,  to  strike. 

beet,  a  root. 

ber'  ry,  a  small  fruit 

bur  y,  to  inter. 

blew,  did  blow. 

blue,  a  color. 

bough,  a  branch. 

bow,  an  act  of  reverence. 

bourn,  a  limit. 

borne,  carried. 

bread,  a  kind  of  food. 

bred,  educated 

c. 

can7  non,  a  great  gun. 
can  on,  a  rule,  or  law. 
eel  lar,  a  vault. 
sel  ler,  one  who  sells. 

\  EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Beat  the  carpet.     Sugar  is  made  of  \ 

*  beet-root.     Bury  the  6ern/  in  the  garden.  ] 
j  The  wind  blew  the  blue  flag.     The  bough  ; 
i  of  a  tree.     Make  a  6#?tf.     He  was  borne  ' 

*  away.    The  bourn  from  which  no  traveller 
\  returns.    Bake  the  bread.   Well-bred  chil- 
^  dren.     The  canons  of  the  church.     Fire 
\  the  cannons.     The  se//6T  of  rags  lived  in 
J  a 


64  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

ces7  sion,  a  giving  up. 
ses  sion,  a  sitting. 
col  lar)t/br  the  neck 
chol  er,  anger. 
coarse,  not  fine. 
course,  way,  direction. 
creak,  to  make  a  noise. 
creek,  a  small  inlet. 
ceil7  ing,  a  covering. 
seal  ing,  setting  a  seal. 
clause,  part  of  a  sentence. 
claws,  the  na  s  of  animals. 
cite,  to  summon.       v 
sight,  the  act  of  seeing. 
site,  situation. 
climb,  to  mount. 
clime,  climate. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  session  of  parliament.  The  cession  \ 
[  of  a  province.  His  choler  rose.  The  i 
\  collar  of  a  coat.  The  traveller  pursued  \ 
^  his  course.  He  bought  coarse  cloth.  The  i 
J  door  creaks.  The  coast  has  many  creeks.  \ 
i  He  used  sealing-wax.  The  ceiling  of  a  ^ 
$  room.  Eagle's  claws.  A  clause  in  a  \ 
>  wrill.  I  ;had  a  sight  of  the  site  for  the  $ 
\  house.  I  will  cite  him  to  appear.  Climb  > 
\  the  tree.  Eastern  climes. 


J 


^vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'ixx'xxx 
SPELLING-BOOK.  65 

cruise,  to  sail  up  and  down. 

crews,  ships*  company. 

cygx  net,  a  young  swan. 

sig  net,  a  seal. 

com7  pli  ment,  expression  of  civility. 

com  pie  ment,^//  number. 

eoun  cil,  an  assembly. 

coun  sel,  advice. 

cru  el,  barbarous. 

crew  el,  worsted. 

cous  in,  a  relation. 

coz  en,  to  cheat. 


.. 

dear,  beloved,  costly. 


dear,  beloved,  costly. 

deer,  an  animal. 

due,  owing. 

dew,  vapor.  \ 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

During  the  cruise,  the  crews  mutinied.  \ 
$  A  cygnet  can  swim.  A  signet  ring.  Give  $ 
$  my  compliments.  A  full  complement  of  ^ 
\  men.  The  council  adjourned.  His  coun-  \ 
\  sel  was  followed.  His  acts  were  cruel.  \ 
*  The  lady  worked  on  crewel.  His  cousin  \ 
|  tried  to  cozen  us.  My  dear  son.  He  shot  \ 
^  a  deer.  The  money  is  t^e.  The  efei0  is  J 
i  on  the  grass. 

^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxvxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

6* 


X^xxxxx  xxxxxx> 

N     66  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

done;  performed. 

dun,  brown  color. 

deign,  to  condescend. 

Dane,  a  native  of  Denmark. 

die,  to  expire. 

dye,  co/or. 

doe,  a  female  deer. 

dough,  unbaked  paste. 

dost, 


draft,  a  bill  of  exchange. 
draught,  of  water. 

F. 

^feat,  an  exploit. 
feet,  the  plural  of  foot. 
\  faint,  languid. 

feint,  a  pretence. 

EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 

Well  Jorce.     It  was  baked  to  a 
5  color.     The  Dane  would  not  rfejgw  to 
\  speak.     I  fear  he  will  die.    Dye  the  cloth. 
\  Bake  the  dough.    Doe,  an  animal.     Z)0^  \ 
\  thou  know  that   he  was   covered    with  \ 
J  dust  ?    A  Jro/i:  on  a  banker.    A  draught  $ 
^  of  water.     He  performed  a  feat  by  jump-  ^ 
\  ing  three  feet.    He  made  a  feint  of  being  \ 


SPELLING-BOOK.  67   I 


fare,  food. 

fair,  handsome. 

flew,  did  fly. 

flue,  a  pipe. 

flour,  ground  wheat. 

flow7  er,  the  blossom  of  a  plant. 

fore,  in  front. 

four,  fw  number. 

fowl,  a  fo'rdf. 

foul,  filthy. 

flea,  a#  insect. 

flee,  to 


J  G* 

grate,  made  of  bars. 

great,  large. 
guilt,  crime. 
gilt,  adorned  with  gold. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

\  Coarse  fare.  A  fair  lady.  The  bird  ; 
\flew  up  the  flue  of  the  chimney.  Flour  : 
>  is  made  of  wheat.  Flowers  are  fragrant.  ^ 
\  The  wagon  has  four  wrheels.  Thejfore  \ 
\  wheels  were  broken.  Carve  the  fowl.  ^ 
\  Foul  weather.  Flee  away  and  be  at  rest.  \ 
\  PL  flea  bit  the  dog.  The  f^e  grate  in  the  * 
\  great  room.  The  prisoners  guilt.  A  gilt 
\  frame. 


68  THE     PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

x     gait,  manner  of  walking 
gate,  door,  or  entrance. 
grease,  melted  fat. 
Greece,  a  country. 
groan,  to  sigh. 
grown,  increased. 
guessed,  conjectured. 
guest,  one  entertained  in  a  house. 

H. 

hair,  of  the  head. 
hare,  an  animal. 
hall,  a  large  room. 
haul,  to. pull,  or 
hart,  an  animal. 
heart,  the  seat  of  life. 
hale,  of  sound  health. 
hail,  frozen  rain. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

An  iron  gate.     A  shuffling  gait.     The  $ 

history  of  Greece.     Soap  is   sometimes  $ 

made  of  grease.     A  deep  groan.     The  s 

^  tree  is  grown.     I  guessed  he  was  your  ^ 

\  guest.    He  caught  a  hare.    His  hair  was  ^ 

$  white.    Haul  the  net.    He  is  in  the  hall.  \ 

\  A  hart  darted  into  the  heart  of  the  forest  * 

*  A  hale,  hearty  man.     A  hail-storm. 


SPELLING-BOOK.  69   > 

;! 


heal,  to  cure. 

heel,  part  of  the  foot. 

hear,  to  hearken. 

here,  in  this  place. 

high'  er,  more  high. 

hire,  wages. 

him,  objective  of  he. 

hymn,  a  divine  song. 

hole,  a  cavity. 

whole,  all,  the  entire. 

hoard,  to  amass. 

horde,  a  wandering  tribe. 

hour,  sixty  minutes. 

our,  belonging  to  us. 

i. 

in  diet7  to  accuse. 
in  dite,  to  compose.  . 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 


Can  he  heal  a  wound  on  the  heel? 
Come  here.  Do  you  hear  ?  He  works  for  | 
hire.  A  higher  wall.  Tell  him  to  sing  i 
a  hymn.  The  whole  day.  Dig  a  A0/e.  J 
He  hoards  his  money.  Hordes  of  bar-  ^ 
barians.  Stay  an  hour  in  owr  house.  He  \ 
\  was  indicted.  He  can  mrft'fe  a  poem. 


^x^x 


:   70  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

inn,  a  hotel. 
in,  within. 


K. 

key,  for  a  lock. 
quay,  a  wharf . 
knead,  to  work  dough. 
need,  want. 
knave,  a  rogue, 
nave,  a  part  of  a  wheel. 
kill,  to  deprive  of  life. 
kiln,  a  large  stove. 
knew,  did  know. 
new,  novel,  fresh. 
knight,  a  title  of  honor. 
night,  time  of  darkness. 
knot,  a  tie,  a  difficulty. 
not,  q  word  of  denial.    « 

EXERCISES  FOR  WRITING. 

In  great  haste  he  arrived  at  the  inn.   I  ; 
'\  lost  a  key  walking  on  the  quay.     You  J 
\  need  not  knead  the  dough.     The  knave 
[  broke  the   nave   of  the  wheel.      They 
\  will  kill  him.     A  brick  kiln.    I  knew  it. 
A  new;  coat.    The  knight  came  in  the 
He  could  not  untie  the  " 


SPELLING-BOOK.  71 

know,  to  understand. 
no,  not  any. 


\ 


lain,  past  participle  of  lie. 
lane,  a  narrow  path. 
lead,  a  kind  of  metal. 
led,  conducted. 
leak,  to  rim  owtf. 
leek,  a  kind  of  onion. 
lief,  willingly. 
leaf,  o/*#  Zree. 
lix  ar,  owe  wA0  fe/ 
lyre,  a  harp. 
lo,  behold. 
low,  noi  /wgft. 
loan,  a???/  thing  lent. 
lone,  solitary,  alone. 


^  EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING.  ^ 

>  TVo,  sir.  I  know  it.  The  horse  had  \ 
\  lain  down  in  the  lane.  He  was  led  by  \ 
\  the  lead  mines.  The  vessel  leaks.  Leeks  ^ 
\  grow  in  the  garden.  I  would  as  lief  'as  ^ 
^  not.  A  willow  /e«/!  He  is  a  /zar.  Strike  ^ 
J  the  lyre.  Lo,  how  Zow;  he  descends  !  A  ^ 
}  lone  man.  Z/oa?z  him  a  hat.  \ 


X  XX  XX  XX  XXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXX  X 


72  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

N 

les  sen,  to  make  less. 
les  son,  a  task. 


M. 

made,  finished. 
maid,  a  girl,  or  maiden. 
\        male,  tfAe  masculine  kind.  * 

mail,  a  bag  for  letters. 
mane,  the  hair  on  the  neck  of  a  horse.     \ 

v  V 

\        main,  strength,  force.  } 

mar7  shal,  the  highest  rank  in  an  army  \ 

mar  tial,  warlike. 

mead,  meadow. 

meed,  praise. 

meat,  food. 

meet,  to  come  together. 
$        mean,  low.  ? 

mien,  air,  look. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

I  will  lessen  his  lesson.  The  wtm'Z  £ 
\  made  the  tart.  A  maiY-coach  with  two  j 
\  male  passengers.  The  mane  of  a  horse.  \ 
{  With  all  his  might  and  main.  The  mar-  \ 
\  shal  had  a  martial  look.  The  flowery  J 
\  mead.  His  meet?  of  praise.  Carve  the  ^ 
$  meat.  Where  shall  1  meet  you  ?  What  ^ 
co  you  mean  ?  A  noble  mien. 


^xxxxx^xx^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXr'xxxV 
SPELLING-BOOK.  73  | 

maize,  Indian  corn. 
maze,  an  intricate  place. 
might,  strength. 
mite,  any  small  thing. 
moan,  to  lament. 
mown,  cut  down. 
more,  in  quantity. 
mow7  er,  one  who  mows. 
mi  ner,  one  who  digs. 
mi  nor,  under  age. 
mare,  a  female  horse. 
may  or,  chief  magistrate. 


\ 

nay,  not  so.  $ 

neigh,  the  voice  of  a  horse. 


>  EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

The   maize    grew   in    the    maze.      I 
\  might  have  come.     The  widow's  mite. 
$  I  heard  him  moan.     The  grass  is  moivn. 
The  mower  mowed  more  grass.     Minors 
are  not  of  age.     Miners  \vork  in  mines.  ^ 
The  mayor  rode  a  white  mare.     Horses  | 
neigh*     Do  not  say  nay. 


\   74  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

* 1 * 

oar,  to  row  with. 
ore,  a  mineral. 
o'er,  for  over. 
one,  in  number. 
won,  d/d  win. 
ode,  a  j?oem,  or  song. 
owed,  was  indebted. 


p. 

pail,  a  wooden  vessel. 
pale,  ivhite. 

pane,  a  square  of  glass. 
pain,  suffering. 
pair,  a  couple. 
pare,  to  czrf  thinly. 
pear,  a  fruit. 
peak,  /Ae  /op. 
pique,  a  grudge. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  lost  his  oar  rowing  o'er  the  lake.  ^ 

Copper  ore.    They  won  one  battle.     Re-  £ 

$  cite  the  ode.     He  owed  money.     A  pail  \ 

\  of  milk.     A  j?a/e  face.     Acute  pain.     A  J 

pane  of  glass.     You  cannot  pare  a  pear  \ 

with  a  pair  of  scissors.    The  peak  of  Ten-  £ 

eriffe.     They  pique  themselves  on  this.     ^ 


rrt 


^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 

SPELLING-BOOK.  75 

peer,  an  equal,  a  nobleman. 

pier,  post  of  a  bridge. 

place,  locality. 

plaice,  a  kind  offish. 

plane,  a  tool. 

plain,  smooth,  level. 

pole,  a  long  staff. 

poll,  f/ie  head. 

paws,  feet  of  animals. 

pause,  a  stop. 

peal,  a  loud  sound. 

peel,  rind,  or  sAm, 

pray,  to  beseech. 

prey,  feooty. 

profit,  gam. . 

prophet,  0#e  who  foretells. 

plum,  a  &md  of  fruit. 

plumb,  a  leaden  weight. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  British  peer  built  a  pier.    Taste  this  ; 
?  plaice.     A  pretty  p/ace.     A  jp/am  state-  « 
$  ment.     A  carpenter's  plane.     A  peal  of  £ 
$  bells.    Orange  peel.    Vie  prays  daily.    A  ;J 
bird  of  prey.  He  deserved  praise.    Profit  \ 
by  good  advice.     A  false  prophet. 

•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxvxxx^» 


76  THE 'PRIMARY  SCHOOL 

pore,  small  passage. 
pour,  to  empty  out  liquor. 
peace,  quiet,  rest. 
piece,  a  portion. 
please,  to  give  pleasure. 
pleas,  pleadings. 
plait,  to  fold. 
plate,  a  dish. 


R. 

rain,  water  from  the  clouds. 

reign,  to  rule. 

rein,  part  of  a  bridle. 

raise,  to  lift  up. 

rays,  fceaws  of  light. 

raze,  to  /e#eZ  t0if A  the  ground. 


EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

He  pours  out  water.  The  pores  of  the 
body.  A  piece  of  cloth.  First  in  war 
and  peace.  A  silver  plate.  She  plaits 
the  linen  finely.  The  rain  fell.  Hold  \ 
the  rein  tight.  The  reign  of  terror.  The  £ 
sun's  rays.  Raise  him  gently.  They  \ 
intended  to  raze  the  city. 


^XXXVXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX^MS;  »» 

SPELLING-BOOK.  77   ! 

rite,  ceremony. 
right,  /ws£. 
wright,  a  workman. 
write,  to  wafce  /e/ters. 
ring,  a  circle. 
wring,  to  twist. 
rap,  to  strike. 
wrap,  to  roll  together. 
rye,  0  kind  of  grain. 
wry,  crooked. 
rung,  did  nng-. 
wrung,  twisted. 
rough,  not  smooth. 
ruff,  <m  article  of  dress. 
read,  did  read, 
red,  a  c0/or. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  rites  of  the  church.     The  rights 
of  freemen.  The  mill-wright  cannot  write,  v 
A  gold  ring.     They  wring  their  hands.  | 
$  A  rap  at  the  door.     Wrap  yourself  up.    A  £ 
^  field  of  rye.     Wry  faces.     Rough  stones.  { 
\  A  lace  ruff.    The  boy  read  too  fast.    He  ^ 
had  a  red  apple. 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^x^x^x^^x^x^x^ 

7* 


^•xxxxxxxxx, 

\  78 


THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


reek,  smoke,  vapor. 

wreak,  to  execute  vengeance. 

roar,  to  make  a  loud  noise. 

row7  er,  one  who  roivs. 

rote, frequent  repetition  of  words. 

wrote,  did  write. 

s. 

seen,  beheld. 
scene,  a  view. 
sew,  to  use  a  needle. 
sow,  to  scatter. 
so,  thus,  in  this  manner. 
sleight,  dexterity. 
slight,  trivial,  small. 
soul,  the  spirit. 
sole,  the  bottom  of  the  foot. 
steal,  to  take  by  theft. 
steel,  hardened  iron. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING.  * 

The  rower  was  frightened  at  the  roar  \ 

of  the  sea.     The  boy  learned  his  lesson  \ 

by  rote,  and  then  wrote  a  copy.     Have  \ 

c  you  seen  him  ?     A  beautiful  scene.     Sow  \ 

\  the  seed.     Sew  the  linen  so.     Sleight  of  \ 

hand.     A  slight  hurt.     The  sole  of  his  ^ 

shoe.    The  soul  of  a  good  man.    Do  not  \ 

steal.     A  steel  knife. 


<XXXXXXXXXXXXNXXXXX 


SPELLING-BOOK.  79   ; 

>    -  -  —  - 

stare,  to  look  with  wonder. 

stair,  a  step. 

see,  to  behold. 

sea,  the  ocean. 

stake,  a  post. 

steak,  a  slice  of  meat. 

straight,  right,  direct. 
\  strait,  a  narrow  passage. 

stile,  steps. 

style,  manner  of  writing. 
\  some,  part  of  any  whole. 

sum,  the  amount. 


T. 

tacks,  small  nails. 
tax,  a  rate. 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

$  Do  not  stare.  The  lowest  stair.  See  * 
\  the  blue  sea.  A  beef-steak.  The  stake  \ 
\  was  made  of  wood.  A  straight  line.  The  | 
i  strait  of  Magellan.  Jump  over  the  stile.  \ 
>  A  style  of  writing.  Give  me  some  idea  \ 
\  of  the  sum  total.  Give  me  two  tacks.  \ 
\  The  income  tax. 


80  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL  V 


tale,  a  story. 

tail,  the  extremity. 

tear,  water  from  the  eye. 

tier,  a  row,  a  rank. 

team,  a  f/o&e  of  oxen. 

teem,  to  produce. 

their,  belonging  to  them. 

there,  m  that  place. 

threw,  did  throw. 

through,  jfrom  owe  ewe?  to  tfAe  otf/ier. 

toe,  part  of  the  foot. 

tow,  coarse  jpartf  of  flax. 

time,  measure  of  duration. 

thyme,  a  fcmd  of  plant. 

to,  w/ifo,  towards. 

too,  a/so,  overmuch. 

two,  toice  owe. 


EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

A  sad  tale.  The  tail  of  a  horse.  He 
shed  a  tear.  The  upper  tier  of  boxes.  A 
team  of  oxen.  The  villages  teem  with 
inhabitants.  They  left  their  carriages 
there.  He  threw  himself  down,  and  slept 
through  the  night.  He  put  a  piece  of 
tow  cloth  over  his  toe.  The  thyme  grows 
in  a  short  fo'me.  Come  to  me.  We  are 
too  late.  Two  apples. 


^  SPELLING-BOOK.  81 

tide,  rising  and  falling  of  the  sea. 
tied,  bound. 

tare,  a  weed,  an  allowance  in  weight. 
tear,  to  rend. 

v. 

vain,  empty,  false. 
vane,  a  weathercock. 
vein,  a  blood-vessel. 
vale,  a  valley. 
-  veil,  covering. 


\  w. 

way,  rofl J,  course. 
\         weigh,  to  try  the  weight, 
weak,  feeble. 

week,  the  space  of  seven  days. 
wain,  a  wagon. 
wane,  to  groio  less. 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

The  tide  rose.     His  hands  were  tied. 
$  He  tears  his  clothes  in  pulling  up  the 
tares.   The  physician  opened  a  vein.   He 
was  a  vain  man.    The  vane  points  south. 
The  vale  of  Tempe.    A  silk  veil.    Weigh  \ 

M     1  1  ^""1  .     1  •  T  /»  »  T  ^ 


the  goods.     Come  this  way.     I  felt  weak  \ 
\ 


^ 
last  week. 


^XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<5»» 

^  82  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


V 

,  ' 

GEOGRAPHICAL  NAMES.                       J 

\      Af7  ri  ca 

Ban7  gor 

1 

\      Al  a  ba7  ma 

Bar  ba  ry 

k 

t      Al7  ba  ny 

Bar  re 

$ 

J      Al  giers7 

Ba  ta7  vi  a 

i 

Al7  ie  gha  ny 

Bel7  fast 

I 

Am  boy 

Bel  gi  um 

A  merx  i  ca 

Ben  gal7 

I  1 

\      Am'  herst 

Ben7  ning  ton 

<  , 

;      Am  ster  dam 

Berk  shire 

1  1 

An  do  ver 

Ber  lin 

1 

;      An  dros  cog7  gin 

Ber  mu7  das 

!  ; 

An  nap7  o  lis 

Bev7  er  ly 

',  k 

Ant7  werp 

Bir  ming  ham 

,  ' 

Ap  en  nines 

Bis  cay 

_!  • 

A  ra7  bi  a 

Bo  he7  mi  a 

; 

:      Ar7  a  rat 

Bom  bay7 

,  | 

Ar  kan7  sas 

Bos7  ton 

I 

A7  si  a 

Bra  zil7 

j| 

Au  gus7  ta 

Brem7  en 

;      Aus7  tri  a 

Bridge  wa  ter 

Ba7  den 

Brigh  ton 

Bai  kal 

Bris  tol 

:      Ba  lize7 

Brook  lyn 

;      Bal7  tic 

Bruns  wick 

Bal  ti  more 

Brus  sels 

^ 

Ban  ca 

*Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^xxxxxxx^ 

Buffalo 

J 

^•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

t  SPELLING-BOOK.  83  ! 


Bur7  gun  dy 

Con  nect7  i  cut 

\ 

*      Bur  ling  ton 

Co  pen  ha7  gen 

$ 

>      Cal  cut7  ta 

Cor7  inth 

; 

Cal  i  for7  ni  a 

Cor  si  ca 

1 
• 

Cam7  bridge 

Da  mas7  cus 

1 

i      Cam  den 

Dan7  ube 

i 

\      Can  a  da 

Da  ri  en 

Car  pa7  thi  an 

Dart  mouth 

j 

Car  tha  ge7  na 

Del  a  ware 

J 

£      Cas7  pi  an 

De  troit7 

$ 

Cas  tine7 

Dor7  ches  ter 

| 

\      Cats7  kill 

Dub  lin 

\      Charles  ton 

Eas  ton 

] 

\      Charl  ton 
N      Ghat  ham 

E  gypt 
Eng  land 

! 

\      C  helms  ford 

Erie 

! 
i 

<       Chel  sea 

Eu  rope 

i 

Ches  a  peake 

Gal  ves  ton 

1 

Chi  ca7  go 

Gan  ges 

, 
, 

\      Chick  a  peex 

Gen  e  see/ 

i 

! 

Chi7  le 

Ge  ne7  va 

, 

Chil  li  co7  the 

Geor7  gi  a 

$ 

Chim  bo  ra  zo 

Ger  ma  ny 

^ 

Chi7  na 

Gib  ral7  tar 

^ 

Chit  ten  den 

Glas7  gow 

$ 

Cole  raine7 

Got  ten  burg 

$ 

Co  lum7  bi  a 

Green  land 

^ 

^      Con7  cord                  Hal  i  fax                $ 

Q-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

84 


> 

Ham7  burgh 

Ir  ra  wad7  dy 

$ 

Hamp  shire 

Is7  pa  han 

i 

Han  o  ver 

11  li  nois7 

\ 

^      Har  ris  burg 

In  ver  ness 

$      Hart  ford 

Jaf7  fa 

Hat  te  ras 

Ja  va 

Heb  ri  des 

Jed  do 

^ 

Hen  lo7  pen 

Jer  sey 

^ 

Hoi7  land 

Jes  so 

i 

Hu  ron 

Jor  dan 

\ 

^      Hum  her 

Ju  ra 

$ 

Hun  ga  ry 

Jut  land 

$ 

Hud  son 

Ja  rnai7  ca 

% 

Hot  ten  tots 

Ja  nei  ro 

\ 

\      Ho  hen  lin7  den 

Je  ru  sa  lem 

i 

\      Hou  sa  ton  ic 

Kas  kas  ki  a 

Hon  du7  ras 

Ka  tah  din 

\ 

His  pan  i  o7  la 

Ken  tuck  y 

\ 

Ice7  land 

Kil  lar  ney 

\ 

In  dies 

Kil  mar  nock 

\ 

\      In  dus 

Ken  ne  bee7 

\ 

Ips  wich 

Ken  ne  bunk 

I 

:      Ire  land 

Kil  dare 

;      Ith  a  ca 

Jtin  ross 

> 

It  a  ly 

Lab  ra  dor7 

y 

Iv  i  ca 

Lan7  cas  ter 

[      In  di  a 

Lap  land 

$ 

J      In  di  an7  a 

Leb  a  non 

i 

^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^* 
SPELLING-BOOK.  85   ^ 


Le7  high 

Leices  ter  (Les  ter) 

Leom  in  ster 

Le  vant7 

Lex7  ing  ton 

Li  be7  ri  a 

Li'  ma 

Lim  er  ick 

Lin  coin 

Lis  bon 

Litch  field 

Liv  er  pool 
;>  Lorn  bar  dy 
\  Lon  don 
\  Lon  don  der7  ry 
\  Lou7  is  burg 
\  Lou  is  i  an7  a 

*  Lou7  is  ville 

*  Low  ell 
|  Lu  beck 

%  Lu  cerne7 
$  Lu  nen  burg 
$  Ma  chi7  as 
'i  Mad  a  gas7  car 
$  Mad  a  was  ca 

Mad7  i  son 

Maine 

Mai  a  bar7 


Ma  lac7  ca 
Mai7  a  ga 
Mai  den 
Mai  ta 
Man  ches  ter 
Ma  nil7  la 
Man7  tu  a 
Mar  ble  head7 
Ma  ren7  go 
Mar  i  a7  na 
Ma  ri  et  ta 
Ma7  ry  land 
Mas  sa  chu7  setts 
Mat  a  mo  ras 
Ma  tan7  zas 
Mays7  ville 
Maz  at  Ian7 
Mec'  ca 
Meek  len  burg 
Med  i  ter  ra7  ne  an 
Mer7  ri  mac 
Mer  sey 
Mex  i  co 
Mi  am7  i 
Mich  i  gan7 
Mid7  die  bor  ough 
Mid  die  bu  ry 
Mid  die  town 


r^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

8 


5  86                      THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

*                            •                                                                                     ' 

\ 

\  Mil  wau7  kie 

Ni  ag'  a  ra 

\  Mis  sis  sip7  pi 

North  amp7  ton 

$  Mis  so  Ion  ghi 

North  Car  o  li7  na 

j  Mis  sou'  ri 

Nor7  way 

<  Mo  bile7 

Nor  wich 

\  Mont  pe7  li  er 

No7  va  Sco7  ti  a 

$  Mont  re  al7 

No'  va  Zern7  bla 

£  Na  hant7 

Og7  dens  burg 

Nan  tuck  et 

O  hi7o 

Na7  pies 

On  ta  ri  o 

Nash  u  a 

Or7  e  gon 

Nash  ville 

O  ri  no7  co 

Natch  ez 

Os  we7  go 

I  New  ark 

O  we  go 

^  New  bern 

Ox7  ford 

^  New  bu  ry 

Pa  ler7  mo 

£  New  bu  ry  port 

Pal7  es  tine 

C  New  cas7  tie 

Pal  my7  ra 

\  New7  found  land 

Pa7  le  Al7  to 

\  New  Gre  na'  da 

Pam7  li  co 

\  New  Hamp7  shire 

Pan  a  ma7 

\  New  Ha7  ven 

Par7  is 

\  New  Jer  sey 

Par  nas7  sus 

\  New7  mar  ket 

Pas  ca  gou7  la             | 

{  New  Or7  le  ans 

Pas  sat7  ic 

\  New7  port 

Pas  sa  ma  quod7  dy    i 

$  New  York7 

Pat  a  go7  ni  a 

£  New  Zea7  land 

Pat7  ter  son 

r 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


*  Paw  tuck'  et 

\  Perm  sy\  va7  ni  a 
^  Pe  nob7  scot 
\  Pen  sa  co7  la 
^  Per  nam  bu7  co 

*  Pe  ru7 

$  Pe7  ters  burg 
a  del7 


burg 


phi 


$  Phil 
i  Pitts7 
<  Plym  outh 
$  Port  land 
\  Ports  mouth 
^  Port  u  gal 
^  Po  to7  mac 
$  Prov7  i  dence 
\  Pyr  e  nees 
\  Que  bee7 
^  Ra7  leigh 
}  Rar  i  tan 
^  Read7  ing 

*  Re  ho7  both 

\  Rhode  Is'  land 

*  Rich7  mond 
^  Ro  an  oke7 
^  Roch7  es  ter 
^  Rot  ter  dam 
$  Rox  bu  ry 

5  Rut  land 

•^•xxxxxxxxxx, 


St.  Au  gus  tine7 

St.  He  le7  na 

St.  Law7  rence 

St.  Lou7  is 

Sa7  lem 

Sand  wich 

Sar  a  to7  ga 

Sa  van7  nah 

Sax7  o  ny 

Sci  o7  to 

Scot7  land 

Si  be7  ri  a 

Sic7  i  ly 

Smyr  na 

Som  er  set 

South  Car  o  li7  na 

Spitz  berg7  en 

Steu'  ben  ville 

Stock  holm 

Ston  ing  ton 

Su  ma7  tra     . 

Sur  i  nam7 

Sus  que  han7  na 

Swe7  den 

Swit  zer  land 

Tal  la  has7  see 

Tal  la  poo  sa 

Tar7  ta  ry  $ 

•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxvxxxx^^ 


>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/*xxxxxx^&- 
;   88                       THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL                                * 

:      Taun7  ton 

War7  wick 

\ 

Ten  e  riffe 

Wash  ing  ton 

\ 

Ten  nes  see' 

Wa  ter  ville 

^ 

Thorn7  as  ton 

West  min  ster 

\ 

iTo  ron7  to 

West  pha7  li  a 

\ 

Trip7  o  li 

Win7  ches  ter 

\ 

Tu  nis 

Wind  sor 

\ 

Tur  key 

Wis  cas'  set 

\ 

U  nit7  ed  States 

Wis  con  sin 

\ 

Val  pa  rai7  so 

Worces7  ter 

\ 

[      Van  cou7  ver 

Yar'  mouth 

\ 

Vicks7  burg 

Zea  land 

:      War  saw 

' 

PROPER  NAMES 

OF  PERSONS. 

MEN'S  NAMES. 

Aa7  ron 

Al7  fred 

I          Abel 

Al  phe7  us 

A  bi7  el 

A7  mos 

\ 

A  bijah 

Am7  a  sa 

\ 

Ab7  ner 

Am  brose 

\ 

Ad  am 

An  drew 

^ 

A7  bra  ham 

An  tho  ny 

\ 

A  dol7  phus 

Ar  te  mas 

\ 

Al7  bert 

A  pol7  los 

N          Al  ex  an7  der 

Ar7  thur 

1 

**xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*vxxxxxxxxxxx>xx^ 


^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-4^ 
SPELLING-BOOK.  89   ^ 


A7sa 

E  le  a7  zar 

A  saph 

E  li7  ab 

1  , 

Ash  er 

E  li  a  kirn 

1 

Au  gus'  tus 

E  lias 

^  * 

Az  a  ri7  ah 

Elihu 

;! 

Bar7  na  bas 

Elijah 

<; 

Bar  zil7  la  i 

E  li  sha 

;  ' 

\          Be7  la 

E  li  pha  let 

i  ' 

Ben  ja  min 

E7  noch 

Ben  e  diet 

E  nos 

1  1 

Be  no7  ni 

E  phra  im 

Be  ri  ah 

E  ras7  tus 

1 

Be  thu  el 

E7  than 

i 

Ca7  leb  1 

Eu  gene7 

\ 

Cal  vin 

E  ze7  ki  el 

\ 

Ca  mil7  lus 

Ez7  ra 

N 

Ce7  phas 

Fer7  di  nand 

| 

Charles 

Fran7  cis 

Chris'  to  pher 

Fred  er  ic 

Clem  ent 

George 

Cy  rus 

Ger'  shorn 

Dan  i  el 

Greg  o  ry 

Da  ri7  us 

Gid  e  on 

Da'  vid 

Gil  bert 

Eb  en  e'  zer 

Gus  ta7  vus 

*     \     Ed7  mund 

Hen7  ry 

Ed  ward 

Her  mon 

\ 

* 

Eg  bert 

Hez  e  ki7  ah 

8* 


^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx4> 

^   90                       THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

•  \ 

Hi7  ram 

Jon7  a  than 

Hor  ace 

Jo  seph 

Ho  ra7  ti  o 

Josh  u  a 

Ho  se  a 

Jo  si7  ah 

Hugh 

Ju7  li  us 

Hum7  phrey 

Laz  a  rus 

Ich7  a  bod 

Lau  rens 

£           Ig  na7  ti  us 

Leb  be7  us 

\          I7ra 

Lem7  u  el 

I  saac 

Le  vi 

Is7  ra  el 

Lew  is                $ 

Ja  cob 

Lloyd 

Ja  bez 

Lo  am7  mi 

Jai  rus 

Lu7  ci  us 

\          James 

Luke 

Ja7  red 

Lu7  ther 

Ja  son 

Ma  no7  ah 

Jed  e  di7  ah 

Mar7  cus 

Jeph7  thah 

Mark 

Jer  e  mi7  ah 

Mar7  tin 

Jer7  e  my 

Ma  son 

Jer  ome 

Mat  thew 

Jes  se 

Mat  thi7  as          $ 

Je  thro 

Mi7  cah 

J          Joel 

Mi  cha  el            \ 

John 

Mo  ses                ^ 

Jo7  nah 

Na  hum 

Jo  nas 

Nar  cis7  sus         \ 

>                                       SPELLING-BOOK.                              91   J 
\                                                                                                                2 

Na7  than 

Roy7al 

Na  than7  i  el 

Sal  mon 

Ne  he  mi7  ah 

Sam  son 

Nich7  o  las 

Sam  u  el            ; 

No  ah 

Saul 

Obed 

Seth 

Oc  ta7  vi  us 

Si7  las 

Ol7  i  ver 

Si  moil 

O  tis 

Sim  e  on 

Pat7  rick 

Sol  o  mon 

Paul 

Ste  phen 

Pe7  leg 

Syl  va7  nus 

Pe  rez 

Syl  ves  ter 

Peter 

Thad  de  us 

Phi  Ian7  der 

The7  o  dore 

Phil7  ip 

The  oph'  i  lus 

Philo 

Thorn7  as 

;          Phin  e  as 

Tim  o  thy 

;          Phi  le7  mon 

Titus 

Ralph 

U  ri7  ah 

Reu7  ben 

Wai7  ter 

Ren  el 

.William 

Rho  dol7  phus 

Zab  di  el 

Rich7  ard 

Zach  a  ri7  ah      ; 

Rob  ert 

Zac  che7  us 

Row  land 

Zach7  a  ry 

Rufus 

Zeph  a  ni'  ah     $ 

[  . 

i 

92  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


I                           WOMEN'S 

NAMES. 

Ab7  i  gail 

Hel7  en 

Al  ice 

Hen  ri  et7  ta 

A  man7  da 

Is  a  bel  la 

A  me  li  a 

Jane 

An'  na 

Ju7  lia 

Anne 

La  vinx  i  a 

Au  gus7  ta 

Lau7  ra  ^ 

Car7  o  line 

Lou  i7  sa 

Cath  a  rine 

Lu  cin  da 

Char  lotte 

Lu  ere  ti  a 

Chris  fci7  na 

Lu7  cy  ^ 

Clar7  is  sa 
Clem  en  ti7  na 

Lyd7  i  a 
Mar7  ga  ret 

Cor  ne7  li  a 

Ma  ry 

El7  ea  nor 

Mar  tha              ; 

E  liz7  a  beth 

Nan  cy 

Em7  ma 

Ra  chel 

Eu  nice 

Re  bee7  ca 

Fran  ces 

Sa7  rah 

Han  nah 

So  phi7  a 

Har  ri  et 

Sir  san 

NAMES  OF  THE   MONTHS. 

1.  Jan7  u  a  ry  4.  A7  prii 

2.  Feb  ru  a  ry  5.  May 

3.  March  6.  June 

XXXXXXXXXXX^* 


SPELLING-BOOK.  93 


7.  Ju  I/  10.  Oc  to'  ber 

8.  Au;  gust  11.  No  vem'  ber 

9.  Sep  tern' ber       12.  De  cem'  ber 


NAMES  OF 

THE  DAYS. 

1.  Sun7  day 

5.  Thurs'  day 

|      2,  Mon  day 

6.  Fri  day 

3.  Tues  day 

7.  Sat  ur  day 

4.  Wednes  day 

NAMES  OF 

ANIMALS. 

Buf7  fa  lo 

Rein7  deer 

Badg  er 

Leop7  ard                   \ 

£      Bear 

Pan  ther 

[      Goat 

Por7  cii  pine 

An  te  lope 

Hip  po  pot7  a  mus      I 

\      Bea  ver 

Rhi  noc7  e  ros 

\      Gi  raffe' 

Buz7  zard 

Mar7  mot 

Os  trich 

Wolf 

Ea  gle 

^      Rac  coon' 

Pel  i  can 

£      O  pos7  sum 

Tur  key 

\      Alx  li  ga  tor 

Vul  ture                     ;! 

\      Rat  tie  snake 

Con  dor 

$      Squir  rel 

Hawk 

V 

^•xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 
i   94  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


El7  e  phant  Owl 

Ti  ger  Pheas7  ant 

\      Li  on  Cue  koo 

Ze  bra  Wood  peck  er 

|      Mag  pie  Grouse 

Tit  mouse  Mag7  pie 

i ;      Bui  finch  Swal  low 

Her  on  Gull 

Pidg  eon  Goose 

Cor  mo  rant  Ma  caw7 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

A.  B.  Bachelor  of  arts. 

A.  M.  Master  of  arts. 

A.  C.  Before  the  Christian  era. 

A.  D.  In  the  year  of  our  Lord. 

A.  M.  In  the  year  of  the  world. 

A.  U.  C.  From  the  building  of  the  city. 

B.  D.  Bachelor  of  divinity. 

B.  M.  Bachelor  of  medicine. 

C.  Cent,  A  hundred. 

D.  D.  Doctor  of  divinity, 
e.  g.  For  example. 
Ibid.  In  the  same  place. 
Id.  The  same  (author.) 
i.  e.  That  is. 

Incog.     Unknown,  concealed. 

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•4*xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 
SPELLING-BOOK.  95  ^ 

J.  H.  S.  Jesus  the  Savior  of  men.      \ 

LL.  D.  Doctor  of  laws. 

L.  S.  The  place  of  the  seal. 

\      Lib.  Book. 

M.  D.  Doctor  of  medicine. 

\      N.  B.  Note  well ;  take  notice. 

>  Nem.con.  No  one  opposing  it. 
Per  cent.  By  the  hundred. 

P.  M.  In  the  afternoon. 

Prox.  Next  (month  or  term.) 

P.  S.  Postscript  (written  after.) 

Ult.  In  the  last  (month.) 

Vid.  See  thou  ;  refer  to. 

Viz.  To  wit ;  namely. 

J      &c.  And  the  rest,  and  so  forth.    £ 

Acct.  Account. 

Apr.  April. 

\      Anon.  Anonymous. 

>  Aug.  August. 

v      B.  A.  Bachelor  of  arts. 

Bart.  Baronet. 

\      Bbl.  Barrel. 

$       Bp.  Bishop. 

Capt.  Captain.  i 

Chap.  Chapter. 

\      Co.  County  or  Company. 

\      Col.  Colonel. 

\      Cr.  Creditor.  v 

•^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^- 


96  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

Dec.  December. 

Dr.  Debtor  or  Doctor. 

Do.  Ditto ;  the  same. 

E.  East. 
Esq.  Esquire. 

F.  R.  S.  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society. 
F.  A.  S.  Fellow  of   the    Antiquarian 

Society. 

F.  S.  A,  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Arts, 

Feb.  February. 

Gent  Gentleman. 

Gen.  General. 

Gov.  Governor. 

Hhd.  Hogshead. 

Hon.  Honorable. 

Inst  Instant,  present  month. 

Jan.  January. 

Jr.  Junior. 

Knt.  Knight. 

Lat.  Latitude. 

Lieut.  Lieutenant. 

Lon.  Longitude. 

Messrs.  Gentlemen. 

M.  C.  Member  of  congress. 

Mr.  Master,  (Mister.) 

Mrs.  Mistress. 

MS.  Manuscript. 

£      MSS.  Manuscripts. 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


97$ 


N.  S. 

New  style,  (1752.) 

N. 

North. 

Nov. 

November. 

No. 

Number. 

O.  S. 

Old  Style. 

8vo. 

Octavo. 

Oct. 

October. 

oz. 

Ounce. 

Pres. 

President. 

Prof. 

Professor. 

4to. 

Quarto. 

Rep. 

Representative. 

Rev. 

Reverend. 

Sec. 

Secretary. 

Sen. 

Senior. 

S. 

South. 

Sept.       September. 

St.          Saint. 

U.  S.  A.  United  States  of  America. 

W.          West. 


RULES  FOR  THE  USE  OF  CAPITAL  LETTERS. 

1.  The  first  letter  of  the  first  word  of  ; 
every  sentence,  and  after  every  full  stop, 
should  begin  with  a  capital;  as,  "John  < 
walks."     "  .What  do  you  want  ?" 


xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

98  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

\  2.  The  first  letter  of  every  line  in  £ 
^  poetry  should  begin  with  a  capital ;  as,  ^ 
*  * 

^  "  These  are  thy  works,  Parent  of  Good,         .  $ 

^      Almighty  !  thine  this  universal  frame, 

^      Thus  wondrous  fair  !    Thyself  how  wondrous  then  !"     ^ 

\      3.  Proper   names  should   begin  with  $ 

\  capitals ;  as,  "I  saw  William  and  Fran-  i 

$  cis."     u  Washington  is  the  capital  of  the  ^ 

^  United  States  of  America." 

\      4.  Qualities  personified  should  begin  * 

^  with    capitals ;    as,     "  Hence,    loathed  $ 

\  Melancholy." 

\      5.  Every   appellation    of    the    Deity  \ 

^  should  begin  with  a  capital;  as,  "The  ^ 

$  Lord  Jehovah  reigns." 

6.  The  pronoun  /,  and  the  interjection  $ 
\  0!  should  always  be  capitals. 

7.  Titles  of  honor  and  respect,  when  ^ 
^  followed   by   names,    should   be   distin-  } 
^  guished  by  capitals;  as,  "The  Governor  ^ 
\  of  Ohio."    When  no  name  follows  a  title,  ^ 
^  it  need  not  be  written  with  a  capital ;  ^ 
$  as,  "  The  governor  spoke  to  the  presi-  \ 
!  dent." 

j  8.  Nouns  denoting  a  religious  sect  ^ 
\  should  begin  with  a  capital;  as,  a  Friend,  \ 
^  a  Calvinist,  a  Baptist,  a  Unitarian,  a  $ 

XXX*^X^»     ^(^*«»*'/>^^X^X/'«<XXXXX^XX<X^XX<*'/'XXX-'> 


SPELLING-BOOK.  99   ^ 

;!  Methodist,  a  Universalist,  an  Episcopa-  \ 

\:  lian,  &c. 

J      9.  The  principal  words  in  the  titles  of  \ 

books  should   begin  with  capitals;    as,  £ 

Pope's  "  Essay  on  Man." 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

Boston  is  the  capital  of  Massachusetts?"* 
Cincinnati  is  on  the  Ohio.  St.  Louis  is  5 
a  beautiful  and  flourishing  city  on  the 
Mississippi.  When  we  were  at  New 
York,  last  June,  many^  vessels  arrived 
there  from  England  and  France.  Co- 
lumbus discovered  America.  The  Great 
Britain  steamship  stranded  on  the  coast 
of  Ireland.  Put  your  trust  in  God.  The 
Creator  and  Ruler  of  the  world.  The 
"Messiah,"  was  written  by  Klopstock,  a 
German  poet.  Titus,  the  Roman  em- 
peror,  who  took  Jerusalem,  was  styled 
«  The  Delight  of  Mankind."  The  Pyre- 
nees  divide  France  from  Spain.  Virginia 
was  settled  A.  D.  1607.  Boston  is 
supplied  with  water  from  Lake  Cochitu- 
ate.  The  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  written  by  Thomas  Jefferson.  Great 
Britain  comprises  England,  Scotland,  and 
Wales. 


100  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 


i         POINTS  OR  MARKS  USED  IN  WRITING.         $ 

\  Comma 

j 

Hyphen 

£  Semicolon 

• 

9 

Paragraph       H 

\ 

£  Colon 

• 
• 

Quotation    "  " 

\ 

$  Period 

• 

Index           ft?* 

^ 

$  Interrogation 

? 

Section            ^ 

ji 

\  Exclamation 

1 

• 

Asterisk 

<  Apostrophe 

J 

Obelisk           f 

3 

*Dash 

. 

Parallels          II 

$ 

\  Parenthesis 

() 

Ellipsis      *  *  * 

\  Brackets 

[] 

Diaeresis 

; 

;  Caret 

A 

< 

: 

COMMA 

(0 

1        .                            1             /V» 

i 
< 

1 

The  Comma  is  used  to  mark  off  cer-  ; 
\  tain  clauses  in  sentences.  : 

SEMICOLON  (  ;  ) 

The  Semicolon  is  used  to  mark  off 
>  those  parts  of  a  sentence  which  require 
\  to  be  more  distinctly  separated  than  by  a  ^ 
$  comma. 


COLON  ( : ) 

The  Colon  is  used  to  mark  off  those  | 
^  parts  of  a  sentence  which  require  to  be  " 
N  more  distinctly  separated  than  by  a  semi- 
\  colon. 


xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx* 

SPELLING-BOOK.  101   \ 


\ 


PLRIOD  (  .  )  £ 

The  Period  is  used  at  the  end  of  a  $ 
sentence,  and   shows  that  its  sense  is  * 
I  complete.     It  is  also  used  after  abbrevi- 
ations and  contractions 

INTERROGATION  (?) 

The  Note  of  Interrogation  is  used  in 
asking  a  question. 

APOSTROPHE  (  '  ) 

The  Apostrophe  denotes  the  omission 
of  one  or  more  letters ;  as,  lov'd,  loved.  :  > 
It  also  marks  the  possessive  case ;  as,  a 
\  boy's  hat. 

EXCLAMATION  (  !  ) 

The  Note  of  Exclamation  is  placed 
\  after  expressions  of  sudden  emotion  or 
^  strong  feeling. 

DASH  ( — ) 

The  Dash  is  used  where  the  sentence  ^ 
is  left  unfinished,  and  where  there  is  a  ![ 
sudden  change  of  the  sentiment. 

PARENTHESIS  (    ) 

The  Parenthesis  is  used  to  include 
\  something  explanatory  or  incidentally 
i  introduced. 

*xxxxxxxxx<> 


9* 


102  Ti;^    PXJMAR3T    SCHOOL 


Brackets  are  used  for  the  same  purpose 
as  the  parenthesis.  '' 

CARET  (A) 

The  Caret  is  used  to  show  that  a  letter  j: 
or  word  has  been  accidentally  omitted  in  $ 

771 

writing;  as,  comence. 

HYPHEN    ( -  ) 

The  Hyphen  is  used  to  connect  com-  ; : 
pound  words,  and  is  placed  after  a  sylla-  i 
ble   ending  a   line,   to    show   that   the 
remainder  of  the  word  begins  the  next  ] ; 

line. 

:  i 

PARAGRAPH   ( fl ) 

^  c 

The  Paragraph  is  used  in  the  Bible  to  ; 
denote  the  beginning  of  a  new  subject 

QUOTATION    (  "  n  ) 

The  Quotation  is  used  to  signify  that 
the  words  so  marked  are  taken  from  some  <; 
other  author. 

INDEX   (EP3) 

The  Index  is  used  to  show  that  special  j 
attention  is  required. 


C^x^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 
^  SPELLING-BOOK.  103   > 

s  ^ 

\  SECTION    (  §  )  \ 

The  Section  is  used  to  mark  the  smaller  \ 
^  divisions  of  a  discourse. 

ASTERISK,   OR    STAR    (  *  ) 

The  Asterisk,  or  Star,  refers  to  some- 
l  thing  in  the  margin  or  at  the  bottom  of 
\  the  page. 

OBELISK    (  t  )    AND    PARALLELS    (  ||  ) 

The  Obelisk  and  Parallels  are  used  for  \ 
\  references,  the  same  as  the  asterisk. 

ELLIPSIS    (***) 

The  Ellipsis  is  used  to  denote  the 
i  omission  of  some  letters  or  words;  as, 
^  7*****,  Thomas. 

DLZERESIS    (  ••  ) 

The  Diaeresis,  placed  over  the  latter  of 
J  two  vowels,  shows  that  both  of  them  are 
\  sounded;  as,  cooperate. 


<  ROMAN  NOTATION.  J 

The  Romans  counted  up  to  three  by  ^ 
\  single  marks,  supposed  to  represent  the  < 


^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^xxxxx-rxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 
\    104  THE     PRIMARY     SCHOOL  ^ 

^  fingers  of  the  hand :  thus,  I.  stood  for  ^ 

^  one  ;  II.  for  two  ;  and  III.  for  three.         $ 

\      A  smaller  figure  placed  to  the  left  of  a  | 

j  larger  is  meant  to  be  subtracted  from  it ;  \ 

\  thus  IV.  means  I.  (one)  subtracted  from  $ 

\  V.  (five ;)  that  is,  IV. 

V.  stands  for  five.  It  represents  the 
five  fingers  of  the  hand,  and  was  origi- 
nally written  thus,  ^ ;  afterwards,  the 

,  middle   fingers  were   left   out,  and   the 

£  figure  stood  V. 

A  smaller  figure  placed  to  the  right  of  $ 
a  larger  is  meant  to  be  added  to  it ;  thus  \ 
VI.,  VII.,  and  VIII.  stand,  respectively,  ^ 
for  six,  seven,  and  eight ;  that  is,  five  \ 
and  one,  five  and  two,  and  five  and  \ 

^  three. 

$      IX.  stands  for  nine ;  that  is,  I.  (one)  J 

>  from  ^.  (ten.) 

^i.  stands  for  ten.     It  represents  two  \ 

\  fives  placed  vertically ;   thus,  J. 

£  XL,  XII.,  XIII. ,  eleven,  twelve,  thir- 
teen ;  that  is,  ten  and  one,  ten  and  two, 
ten  and  three. 

XIV.,  fourteen ;  that  is,  ten  and  (one 
from  five)  four. 

[      XV.,  fifteen;    that  is,  five  added  to 

\  ten. 

/ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 


^xx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 
\  SPELLING-BOOK.  105 

|      XVI.,  XVII.,  XVIIL,  XIX.,  sixteen, 
J  seventeen,  eighteen,  and  nineteen. 
XX.,  twenty ;  that  is,  two  tens. 
XXL,  XXII.,  &c.,  twenty-one,  twenty- 
two,  &c. 

XXX.,  thirty ;  that  is,  three  tens. 
XL.,  forty;  that  is,  ten  from  fifty. 
L.,  fifty.     This  letter  stands  for  fifty, 
as  being  the  half  of  one  hundred.     The 
Romans  expressed  one  hundred  by  C., 
the  initial  of  Centum,  (the  Latin  for  a 
hundred.)  In  many  manuscripts  the  letter 
C  is  found  in  this  form,  E.     A  horizontal 
line  drawn  across  it  gives  the  lower  half, 
L  ;  and  hence  the  application. 
LX.,  sixty ;  that  is,  fifty  and  ten. 
LXX.,  seventy ;  fifty  and  two  tens. 
LXXX.,  eighty ;  fifty  and  three  tens. 
XC.,  ninety;  that  is,  ten  from  one 
hundred. 

C.,  one  hundred,  (Centum.) 
CC.,  two  hundred. 
\      CCC.,  three  hundred. 

CCCC.,  or  CD.,  four  hundred.  \ 

D.,  five  hundred.     This  letter  stands  \ 

\  in  the  same  relation  to  a  thousand  that  L  \ 

\  (fifty)  does  to  C  (one  hundred ;)  that  is,  \ 

\  it  represents  the  half  of  a  thousand.    The  ^ 

^  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  xxx  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-^ 


^>xx. 

^   106  THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOL 

|  initial  letter  M,  of  Mille,  a  thousand,  was 
$  used   to    represent    that    number.     An 
$  ancient  form  of  this  letter  is  CO.     A  line 
$  drawn    vertically    through    this    letter, 
^  leaves,  on  the  right  hand  side,  a  D. ;  and 
i  hence  its  application. 
}      DC.,  six  hundred. 
5      DCC.,  seven  hundred. 

DCCC.,  eight  hundred. 

DCCCC.,  nine  hundred 

M.,  a  thousand. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Express  the  following  sums  in  Roman  * 
^  numerals :  — 

<      One  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-  J 
$  eight.     Twelve  hundred  and  forty-two.  \ 
Six  hundred  and  forty-two.    Eighty-four.  ^ 
Nine  hundred  and  forty-four.     Fourteen  ^ 
hundred  and  fifty-three.     Two  hundred  $ 
and  nine.     Four  hundred  and  fifty-six.  | 
Eighteen  hundred  and  forty-nine.     One  ^ 
thousand  six  hundred  and  twelve.    Three  J 
hundred  and  forty-three.     Eleven  hun- 
dred and  fourteen.     One  thousand  and 
^  sixty-six.    Thirteen  thousand  seven  hun- 
^  dred  and  twenty-seven.     Ten  thousand 
six  hundred  and  fifty-four. 


^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^ 

SWAN'S  SCHOOL  READERS. 

THE  PRIMARY  SCHOOL  READER,  PART  I.,      i 

Which  is  intended  for  beginners.    It  contains  a  lesson  \ 
upon  each  of  the  Elementary  Sounds  in  the  language,  Exer-  > 
cises  in  Syllabication,  and  a  few  simple,  interesting  Stories  v 
for  children ;  and  is  designed  to  aid  the  teacher  in  laying  the  J 
\  foundation  for  an  accurate  and  distinct  articulation.  \ 

$     THE   PRIMARY  SCHOOL  READER,  PART  ll.y  | 

^       Contains  Exercises  in  Articulation,  arranged  in  connection  \ 

\  with  easy  Reading  Lessons.    The  utility  of  this  arrangement  J 

\  will  be  obvious  to  every  experienced  teacher,  as  it  will  tend  ^ 

V   to  secure  daily  attention  to  this  important  subject.  ^ 

>    THE  PRIMARY  SCHOOL  READER,  PART  III.,    * 

\  Is  designed  for  the  First  Class  in  Primary  Schools,  and  for  \ 
^  the  Lowest  Class  in  Grammar  Schools  —  thus  enabling  the  £ 
\  pupil  to  review  his  studies  after  entering  the  Grammar  \ 
^  School.  ^ 

THE   GRAMMAR  SCHOOL   READER 

\  Is  designed  for  the  Middle  Classes  in  Grammar  Schools.  ^ 
^  It  contains  Exercises  in  Articulation,  arranged  in  connection  ^ 
\  with  Reading  Lessons.  \ 

THE  DISTRICT  SCHOOL  READER  .*  ^ 

^  Is  designed  for  the  Highest  Classes  in  Public  and  Private  > 
\  Schools.  It  contains  Exercises  in  Articulation,  Pauses,  In-  \ 
jj  flections  of  the  Voice,  &c.,  with  such  Rules  and  Suggestions  ^ 
\  as  are  deemed  useful  to  the  learner.  It  also  contains  a  com-  \ 
{  plete  Glossary  of  the  classical  allusions  which  occur  in  the  ^ 
^  Reading  Lessons.  \ 

THE  YOUNO  LADIES'  READER 

^       Is  designed  for  the  Highest  Classes  in  Female  Schools.   It  ^ 

\  contains  a  Treatise  upon  Elocution,  and  selections  for  read-  \ 

\  ing,  in  prose  and  verse.    The  book  was  compiled  with  special  \ 

^  reference  to  the  wants  of  Female  Schools.  > 

$  THE  INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  INSTRUCTIVE  $ 
\  READER  ^ 

\       Is  designed  for  Primary  and  Intermediate  Schools. 

THE  INSTRUCTIVE  READER 

V  ^  Is  designed,  as  its  title  indicates,  to  impart  useful  instruc-  \ 
^  tion  while  the  pupil  is  learning  to  read.  > 

T*^^^<x^^x^x^x<^xx^xx^^^ 


r 


RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Numerous  recommendations,  from  teachers  and  friends  of  > 

education,  are  in  the  hands  of  the  Publishers,  among  which  \ 

are  the  following  letters :  —  £ 

From  Thomas  Sherwin,  Principal  of  the  English  High  School,  > 

Boston.  \ 

Accept  my  thanks  for  a  copy  of  your  series  of  Readers,  > 

which  you  have  kindly  sent  me  as  they  were  issued  from  the  \ 

press.    I  have  carefully  examined  these  volumes  myself,  and  ^ 

have  heard,  in  private,  the  uniformly  favorable  opinions  of  V 

many  gentlemen  well  qualified  to  judge  of  their  merits.  ^ 

Allow  me  to  say,  that  I  think  they  are  admirably  adapted  to  > 

the  objects  for  which  they  are  designed,  and  that  I  heartily  v 

recommend  them  to  the  favor  of  aU  interested  in  the  cause  5 

of  English  education.  v 

From  E.  Wyman,  A.M.,  Principal  of  the  English  and  Classical  \ 

High  School,  St.  Louis.  J 

On  the  first  announcement  of  your  series  of  Reading  Books,  \ 

I  was  prepared  to  expect  some  decided  improvement  upon  all  J 

similar  Works  in  use ;  and  in  a  subsequent  careful  examina-  \ 

tion  of  them,  I  find  myself  in  no  respect  disappointed.    The  J 

philosophical  arrangement  of  the  elementary  principles  of  \ 

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tant  and  valuable  characteristic  of  the  books ;  the  rejection  \ 

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of  the  contents,  another.    In  short,  these  books  are  just  such  * 

as,  in  the  hands  of  a  skilful  teacher,  must  lead  to  a  nice  dis-  \ 

crimination,  a  distinct  articulation,  and  a  fluent  utterance  of  ^ 

,  the  elements  of  our  language.    The  books  are  valuable,  and  \ 

\  I  shall  labor  to  introduce  them.  ^ 

From  Samuel  S.  Greene,  Principal  of  the  Phillips  Grammar  \ 
School,  Boston. 

I  have  examined  your  series  of  Reading  Books,  and  am  \ 
happy  to  say  that  I  am  much  pleased  with  them.  The  plan 
seems  to  me  admirably  fitted  to  accomplish  the  important 
wgrk  of  developing  the  organs  of  speech,  and  of  securing  a 
graceful  and  easy  elocution.  I  cordially  commend  the  books 
to  the  attention  of  teachers  and  school  committees. 

From  Joshua  Bates,  Jr.,  Principal  of  the  Brimmer  Grammar 
School,  Boston.  $ 

I  most  cheerfully  and  fully  concur  with  Mr.  Greene,  in  his 
;  recommendation  of  your  series  of  Reading  Books. 


J 


-YA  00326 


887642 


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on  the  most  favorable  terms. 
Among  their  valuable  publications  are  the  following  School  Books : 

l•^v•~^/v~'v<"'^'^>•1•'^'^'^••'^^/^/^J~^^ 

MITCHELL'S  SEEIES  OF  SCHOOL  GEOGRAPHIES. 

SWAN'S  SEBIES  OF  SCHOOL  READERS  AND  SPELLERS 

GREENE'S  GRAMMATICAL  SEEIES. 

BERARD'S  HISTORY. 

A  Scho<    History  of  the  United  States,  by  E  Berard. 

This  work  is  very  beautif-lly  illustrated,  entirely  from  original  designs.    It    <« 
wiitte.i  in  an.  attractiee  style,  and  presents  the  prominent  ever,  , 

history  in  so  pleasing  a  manner,  that  it  cannot  fail  great', 
the  pupil. 

ARITHMETIC  AND  ITS  APPLICATIONS;" 

Designed  as  a  text-book  for  Common  Schools,  High  Schools,  and  Acadej" 
P.  Colburn 

This  work  contains  many  new  and  original  features,  an  1  is  warmly  common  *    . 
teachers  who  have  given  it  an  examination. 

PICOT'S  SERIES OF  FRENCH  BOOKS. 

(7RCULLITS  SPANISH  GRAMMAR. 
URCULLTTS  GRAMMATICA  KffGLESA. 

JARVIS'S  PHYSIOLOGIES. 

PRACTICAL    PHYSIOLOGY;   or,  Anatomy  aud   Physiology  applied  to  Ile&Hh. 

For  the  use  of  Schools  and  Families.    Revised  Edition,  with  Seventy  Engravings. 
PRIMARY  PHYSIOLOGY,  with  numerous  Illustrations.    Designed  for  the  use 

of  Schools. 

Those  books  are  intended  to  be  exclusively  practical.    They  describe  onl<- 
organs,  and  teach  only  those  principles,  which  are  necessary f  o  be  known  for  the  correct 
ma~"gernont  of  our  system,  the  maintenance  of  health,  and  the  preservation  of  life. 


